Unit 4, Lesson 1-2 Grammar Flashcards
What are 4 common suffixes used to change Spanish adjectives into nouns?
-cia, -ez, -dad, and -cion.
The suffix -dad is similar to what suffix in English? Give an example.
-dad is like -ity. Generosidad means generosity.
The suffix -cion is similar to what suffix in English? Give an example.
-cion is like -tion or -sion. Consideracion means consideration.
The suffix -ez is similar to what suffix in English?
-ez is like -ness.
Adding a suffix turns an adjective into a (feminine/masculine) noun.
Feminine.
Change “paciente” into a noun.
La paciencia.
Change “vanidoso” into a noun.
La vanidad.
Change “fiel” into a noun.
La fidelidad.
Change “dedicado” into a noun.
La dedicacion.
Change “sincero” into a noun.
La sinceridad.
Change “popular” into a noun.
La popularidad.
What are three common verbs of hope?
Esperar, querer, y desear.
What does “esperar” mean?
To hope.
What does “querer” mean?
To want.
What does “desear” mean?
To wish.
What are three keys for using the subjunctive?
WEIRDO verb (or verb of hope), two different subjects, and “que.” Example: Yo quiero que tu estudies. I want you to study. “Quiero” is a verb of hope, the subjects are “yo” and “tu,” and “que” is used.
Tímido into a noun
La tímidez
Ingenioso into a noun
Ingeniosidad
Orgulloso into a noun
Orgullo
Comprensivo into a noun
Comprensión
Exitoso into a noun
Éxito
Modesto into a noun
Modestía
Generoso into a noun
Generosidad
Conjugate conducir in the present subjunctive.
Yo conduzca, tu conduzcas, el conduzca, nosotros conduzcamos, vosotros conduzcáis, ellos conduzcan
What are some examples of verbs of influence?
Aconsejar que, prohibir que, recomendar que… etc.
Verbs of influence trigger…
The subjunctive.
Emotion triggers…
The subjunctive.
When do doubt or disbelief trigger the subjunctive?
Only if doubt is present. “I do not doubt that…” would use indicative.
Do the verbs “pensar” or “creer” when used affirmatively trigger the subjunctive?
No. After pensar or creer, use the indicative as long as it is not “no pensar” or “no creer.”
Do “no pensar” or “no creer” trigger the subjunctive?
Yes, because there is denial or disbelief.
Does the verb “sorprenderse” trigger the subjunctive?
Yes, because there is emotion.
When does emotion trigger the subjunctive?
Always, regardless of whether the statement is positive or negative or true or false.
What does “temer” mean?
To fear
What are the two kinds of Spanish superlatives?
Relative and absolute.
What is the difference between relative and absolute superlatives?
Relative means within the context of a group. Absolute does not.
How do you form the relative superlative?
Definite article (el/la/los/las)+noun+mas/menos+adjective+de. Ex: Juan es el chico mas inteligente de la escuela.
Do you need the noun after the definite article for relative superlatives?
No. Ex: Juan es el mas inteligente de la escuela is correct, as is: Juan es el chico mas inteligente de la escuela.
How do you form the absolute superlative?
In front of the adjective, add muy or sumamente, or add ísimo (-a, -os, -as) after the adjective. Ex: guapísimo
means indescribably handsome.
What does sumamente mean?
Extremely
How do you say, it is the cleanest park?
Es el parque mas limpio.
How do you form the superlative of “la chica buena” to say that she is the best girl?
Es la chica mejor.
Do you use subjunctive or indicative for, es probable/es posible/es improbable/es imposible?
Subjunctive
What are the two ways to conjugate sorprenderse in the present indicative yo form?
Me sorprendo (I am surprised) and me sorprende (It surprises me)
Subjunctive or indicative: ?Pensar?
Subjunctive since it is a question
Subjunctive or indicative: ?Creer?
Subjunctive since it is in question form
Subjunctive or indicative: ?Saber?
Indicative since it expresses an actual question, not doubt
Subjunctive or indicative: Puede ser que…
Subjunctive. (It could be that…)
