Unit 4 Hunger and Eating Flashcards
______is the internal driving force for the search, choice, and ingestion of food.
appetite
DOES THE STOMACH CONTROL HUNGER AND EATING?
No.
Gastrectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the stomach. Many patients will maintain a healthy appetite and eat a normal diet.
An empty stomach is not the cue to start eating.
SUMMARIZE THE PROCEDURE, FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION OF WASHBURN AND CANNON.
- Washburn swallowed a balloon attached to a small tube. When the stomach contracted, causing what we believe are “hunger pangs” the balloon was squeezed and the escaping air moved a recording pen. Thus, there was an actual record of “pangs” apart from Washburn’s psychological experience of “hunger.” Washburn pressed a button when he felt hunger. The result indicated that Washburn’s “hunger” reports were occurring when the stomach was actively contracting.
Stomach contractions and hunger pangs occur together.
The stomach is important as a cue to ____ eating.
stop
HOW DOES THE HYPOTHALAMUS WORK IN THIS SYSTEM?
In work directed at other questions researchers lesioned a small area in the hypothalamus of rats. The rats woke up from the surgery and immediately began eating and ate until they tripled their body weight. Subsequent work discovered that destroying the lateral portion of the hypothalamus (LH) nearly eliminated eating.
What were the effects of the VMH Lesion in rats?
400% wt increase
Finicky
Prefer good tasting food (palatable)
Not willing to work for food
WHAT ARE THE OTHERS SIGNALS RELATED TO HUNGER?
decrease in glucose storage, decrease in leptin;
Stomach fullness through signals sent to the hypothalamus
Hypothalamic signals of glucose storage or mobilization
Leptin levels monitored in the hypothalamus
glucose
glucoreceptors in the brain detect changes in the rate of glucose utilization or storage; A decrease in glucose storage is the stimulus to start eating,
an increase in glucose storage is the stimulus to stop eating; Glucose storage is controlled by insulin levels
leptin
synthesized mainly by fat in the body; provides information on the availability of body fat stores to the hypothalamus. As leptin goes up hunger goes down.
As leptin goes __ hunger goes ___.
up; down
WHAT EFFECT DOES THE ENVIRONMENT HAVE ON APPETITE?
flavor, effort, time of day
SUMMARIZE THE PROCEDURES, FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS OF THE SEVERAL STUDIES BY SCHACTER.
Schacter has been very active in studying how environmental factors change appetite.
His most compelling data indicate that environmental cues have very different effects in obese versus normal weight people.
1- Milkshakes (good and bitter) [flavor]
2- Almonds (shelled and unshelled) [effort]
3- unlimited food, varying clocks [time]
Obese have broken hypothalamus. They abused the system.
bulimia nervosa
consists of a pattern of “binging” and “purging” – periods of sometimes extreme overeating followed by periods of vomiting or the use of laxatives
Bulimics are usually obsessed with ___ or ____ ___ their weight.
maintaining; slightly reducing
Bulimics tend to suffer from depression, anxiety, poor self-esteem, and poor ___ ___.
impulse control
