Unit 3 Memory Flashcards
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT STORAGE
STAGES IN MEMORY?
SENSORY REGISTER ->
SHORT TERM MEMORY ->
LONG TERM MEMORY
What are key processes that manage information within and move information between the three memory stores?
attention and encoding; elaboration and organization; maintenance; retrieval
sensory trace
In SR information is an actual copy or _____ ____ of the environmental event and memory in SR has no meaning
Why is memory in SR very brief?
It must be cleared so that new information can come into SR; SR has an unknown and very large capacity
IN ORDER FOR AN EXPERIENCE TO BE TRANSFERRED OUT OF SR WHAT MUST HAPPEN?
we attend to the contents of SR and recognize or encode the information; we assign meaning and become aware of the event
What can attention do for us?
It starts the transfer of information into STM.
How does attention work (Broadbent)?
it appears to select and process only some of the information that has entered your SR; “filter”
SUMMARIZE BROADBENT’S FILTER MODEL OF ATTENTION.
Broadbent suggested that memory works like a filter. That to which the filter is pointed gets encoded and enters STM.
In the laboratory test Ss can be placed in a very demanding signal monitoring tasks and they will not recognize signals that could provide very positive consequences.
You are immersed in an engaging conversation with someone in whom you are interested, it is difficult to hear the other person.
The noise around you fades and you do not hear much of what is going on.
Except you almost always hear your own name.
SUMMARIZE THE PROCEDURE, FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION OF MORAY.
In a more complex test of the filter model Moray arranged for Ss to shadow one ear in dichotic listening and “emotional” or “provocative” words were presented in the “unattended” ear.
Ss did not recall hearing the words, thus suggesting these words were filtered out and never entered STM
However, they did have an “emotional” response to these words as measured by GSR, breathing and muscle tension.
For example, the S does not recognize any words from the input items such as “murder, rape, death, sex, nude,”
…yet when each word was presented in the unattended ear the S revealed some arousal. The words “bothered” the Ss.
DEFINE AUTOMATIC (bottom-up) VERSUS CONTROLLED (top-down) PROCESSING.
This is when the filter model works; Top-down: tasks where you have to exert lots of attention; need higher understanding
Bottom-up: stimulus -> understanding
automatic (bottom-up) processing
is fast and easy AND it can manage parallel inputs. We can attend to two or more items.
controlled (top-down) processing
slower, deliberate and serial. We can only handle one item at a time.
Short Term Memory (STM) is the same as our _____, we are ____ ____ of the contents of STM.
awareness; immediately aware
decay
when non-rehearsed information simply fades and is lost
What is the finite capacity of STM?
7 plus or minus 2 “chunks”
