Unit 4: Democracy and human rights

Question 1

Democracy

Answer 1

A system of government in which power and civic responsibility are exercised by all citizens directly or through their freely elected representatives. Democracy is a set of principles and practices that protect human freedom. Democracy rests upon the principles of majority rule

Question 2

laws

Answer 2

A system of rules that are enforced through a set of institutions to regulate human conduct. Laws shape politics, economics, and society.

Question 3

Participation

Answer 3

To take part or be involved in an activity or event with others

Question 4

Petition

Answer 4

A formal request to parliament for intervention in a matter. It can either be a request for assistance with a specific issue or the redress of a grievances

Question 5

Principles

Answer 5

fundamental norms, rules, or values that represent what is desirable for a person, group, organization, and community. These norms, rules, and values determine the rightfulness or wrongfulness of actions

Question 6

Procedures

Answer 6

A series of actions undertaken in a certain way or order

Question 7

Public participation activities

Answer 7

Peoples Assembly, the Taking Parliament to the People programmes, the Women’s Parliament and the Youth Parliament

Question 8

Direct ways of influencing parliament

Answer 8

1. Voting in elections
2. Attending meetings and debates
3. Submissions, representations, and petitions
4. Contacting MPs

Question 9

Indirect ways of influencing parliament

Answer 9

1. lobbying outside parliament
2. Joining a political party
3. Keeping yourself informed via the news and selective social media

Question 10

Types of petitions

Answer 10

special petitions and general or public petitions

Question 11

Characteristics of good governance

Answer 11

Accountability. All forms of government have an obligation to report, explain and be answerable for the consequences of decisions they have made on behalf of the community they rpresent

Question 12

Characteristics of good governance

Answer 12

Accountability. All forms of government have an obligation to report, explain and be answerable for the consequences of decisions they have made on behalf of the community they represent
Transparency. People should be able to follow and understand how government makes decisions
Responsiveness. Try to serve the needs of the community and keep the people informed
Follow the rule of the law. Decisions are consistent with the relevant common law
Equitability and inclusiveness. All groups especially the neglected should have opportunities to participate in the process
Effectiveness and efficiency. The decision-makers should implement decisions and follow processes that use available people and resources to ensure the best results for their community

Question 13

National government

Answer 13

Makes and carries out laws and policies for the whole country

Question 14

Provincial government

Answer 14

Makes and carries out laws and policies that affect only the relevant province

Question 15

Traditional authorities

Answer 15

Involve the community with local government
Support municipalities in identifying community needs
Recommendations about service delivery
Promote indigenous knowledge systems
Administer traditional community affairs
Assist and guide traditional leaders in performing their duties
Liaise with municipalities regarding security matters

Question 16

Rule of law

Answer 16

an accepted principle that no individual or group of people are exempt from the law. The power of the government is also limited by judicial parameters or boundaries and applying accepted legal and moral principles, which uphold the integrity of the constitution. The rule of law is intended to prevent conditions for a dictatorship and to thereby protect the rights of the people meaning that a country must be governed according to the constitution and laws of that country and not decisions made by individual leaders

Question 17

Rule of law

judges and magistrates

Answer 17

members of the judiciary are not elected but are appointed by the judicial services Board, which is independent organ of state

Question 18

Rule of law
( The constitutional court of SA)
function

Answer 18

it protects and upholds the constitution. It deals exclusively with constitutional matters. Magistrates courts, the high courts, and Supreme Court of Appeal are responsible for trying people suspected of having broken the law. They have the power to sentence a person who has been convicted to crime

Question 19

Public protector

Answer 19

investigates complaints against government officials

Question 20

Human Rights commission

Answer 20

investigates issues relating to human rights violations

Question 21

Commission for Gender Equality

Answer 21

ensures that law, customs, and practices do not discriminate against women

Question 22

Auditor- General

Answer 22

checks that national, provincial, and local governments are spending their budgets in a responsible manner

Question 23

Independent Electoral Commissions

Answer 23

ensures that elections are run in a free and fair manner

Question 24

Independent Broadcasting Authority

Answer 24

ensures that radio and television broadcasts are fair and unbiased

Question 25

Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Communities

Answer 25

has to ensure that the rights and customs of all South Africans are protected and exercised

Question 26

Three levels of government

Answer 26

National government
Provincial government
Local government

Question 27

fundamental principles of the constitution

Answer 27

the separation of power meaning that the three branches of government are separate and should not interfere with the functions of others

Question 28

Three levels of government

Answer 28

National government
Provincial government
Local government

Question 29

Local municipalities

Answer 29

Drakenstein
Matlosana
Kouga
Merafong

Question 30

District municipalities

Answer 30

Amajuba
Frances Baard
Sedibeng
West Rand

Question 31

Metropolitan municipalities

Answer 31

Buffalo city
City of Cape Town
City of Johannesburg
City of Tshwane
Ekurhuleni
e Thekwini
Mangaung
Nelson Mandela Bay

Question 32

How do civil organizations support and protect democracy

Answer 32

They hold public meetings and organize public awareness campaigns about what is being discussed in parliament

They encourage people to sign petitions to send their representatives to parliament

They attend parliamentary portfolio committee meetings and make formal representations

Question 33

Treatment Action Campaign

Answer 33

the HIV/ Aids organization credited with forcing the government of Thabo Mbeki to start making anti-retroviral drugs available to South Africans suffering from HIV/Aids

Question 34

Social Justice Coalition

Answer 34

its local government programme focuses on sanitation, budget and urban land, while its safety and justice programme focuses on policing and the criminal justice system and the implementation of janitorial services and flush toilets for informal settlements

Question 35

Masifundise Development Trust

Answer 35

forced the government to develop a new fishery policy that accommodates the social and economic rights of more than 30 000 small scale fisherman and their families

Question 36

South African Council of churches

Answer 36

This forum was for the fight against apartheid, and is involved in civil matters and holding the government accountable. Its leaders are Desmond Tutu, Frank Chikane, Beyers Naude

Question 37

Centre of Environmental rights

Answer 37

holds the government and industry to their obligations under environmental legislation. It operates nationally on 24-hour environmental crimes and incident hotlines

Question 38

What is an NGO

Answer 38

An NGO is a non-profit, a voluntary citizen group that is organised on a local- national- or international level. they are usually funded by donations, but some avoid formal funding by donations but some avoid formal funding altogether and are run primarily by volunteers.

Question 39

Charitable orientations

Answer 39

NGOs that direct their activities towards the needs of poor people

Question 40

Service orientation

Answer 40

NGOs that direct their activities such as the provision of health services, family planning, and education services to needy people

Question 41

Participatory orientation

Answer 41

NGOs that establish self-help projects where people are involved in the implementation of the project providing cash, tools, labor

Question 42

Empowering orientation

Answer 42

Projects that aim to help poor people, providing understanding and training on how social political, and economic factors affecting their lives

Question 43

most common forms of spectator aggression

Answer 43

Verbal: Yelling taunts
Gesturing: Signalling to others with threatening or obscene motions
Missile throwing: Throwing items such as food, drinks or broken seats
Swarming: Rushing onto the field or trying to crash the gates to gain entry or exit
Property destruction: Knocking down systems, or burning or damaging the venue or property
Physical: Spitting, kicking, fistfights and shootings

Question 44

what triggers bad behaviour at sport events

Answer 44

Noise level: research found that extreme noise levels increase the likelihood of interpersonal aggression
Seating arrangements: Empty spaces without seats can even provide places to start bonfires
Alcohol availability: There is a large body of research that suggests intoxication is related to aggressive behavior
Crowding: crowding increases the likelihood of violence as it limits mobility and creates unwanted physical contact between spectators

Question 45

Bad behaviour triggers on a personal level

Answer 45

Strong sense of team identity: they wear the same clothes, paint their faces, and sit in large groups together.it becomes part of their identity. They are also driven by the team spirit when they do war crys

Frustration with their team’s performance: If a team loses, it can create massive frustration for the supporters at the game which could result in loss of control

Mob mentality: Individuals lose their sense of what is rights and wrong when they become part of large crowds. If alcohol is abused in this situation, people may lose all moral sense and can collectively start to misbehave

Question 46

Code of conduct

Answer 46

A code of conduct or behaviour is a set of statements that establish what your team or club considers to be an acceptable standard of behaviour and conduct. This code of conduct encourages commitment to ethical and professional behaviour and outlines principles on which the team or club is biased

Question 47

What to consider in sports as part of nation-building

Answer 47

Programs that use sport must take into account the different socio-cultural norms and values of the different groups they are trying to unite. participants and coaches must acknowledge the differences and be sensitive towards each other

Question 48

benefits of walking

Answer 48

1. boost your metabolism
2. reduces body fat
3. strengthens your legs
4. improves your circulation
5. helps prevent and control diabetes

Question 49

safety tips for walking

Answer 49

1. keep safe and do not put yourself at risk when walking
2. drink plenty of water during and after walking
3. make sure you know what time you are going back home
4. wear appropriate footwear
5. walk facing oncoming traffic