UNIT #4: Deception Flashcards
Comparison Question Test
Type of polygraph test that includes irrelevant questions that are unrelated to the crime, relevant questions concerning the crime being investigated, and comparison questions concerning the person’s honesty and past history prior the event being investigated (aka control question test)
Concealed information test
Type of polygraph test designed to determine if the person knows details about a crime (formally known as guilty knowledge test)
Countermeasures
As applied to polygraph research, techniques used to try to conceal guilt
Defensiveness
Conscious denial or extreme minimization of physical or psychological symptoms
Event-related brain potentials
Brain activity measured by placing electrodes on the scalp and electrical patterns related to presentation of a stimulus
Factitious disorder
A disorder in which the person’s physical and psychological symptoms are intentionally produced and are adopted for no external rewards
Ground truth
As applied to polygraph research, the knowledge of whether the person is actually guilty or innocent
Known-groups design
As applied to malingering research, involves comparing genuine patients and malingers attempting to fake the disorder the patients have
Malingering
Intentionally faking psychological or physical symptoms for some type of external game
Muchausen syndrome by proxy
A rare Fictitious disorder in which a person intentionally produces an illness in his or her child
Polygraph
A device for recording an individual’s autonomic nervous system responses
Polygraph disclosure tests
Polygraph tests that are used to uncover information about an offender’s past behaviour
Simulation design
As applied to malingering research people are told to pretend to have specific symptoms or a disorder
Truth-bias
The tendency of people to judge more messages as truthful then deceptive
Describe how a polygraph works.
x4
(1) A device for recording an individual’s Autonomic nervous system responses. Polygraph is used to measure person’s physiological responses
to questions asked by examiner
(2) Measurement devices are attached
to the upper chest and abdomen to
measure breathing.
(3) Amount of sweat on skin is measured by attaching electrodes to fingertips.
(4) Heart rate is measured by a partially inflated blood pressure cuff attached to arm.
Describe the different applications of the polygraph
x4
(1) Used to help in criminal investigations As a means to resolve the case. If suspect fails person may be pressured to confess.
(2) Victims of crimes may be asked to take test
to help verify whether a crime has occurred.
(3) Used to assess and monitor sexual offenders on probation.
(4) Insurance companies May use to help verify
The claims of the insured.
Characteristics of malingered psychosis
x6
- Often willing to discuss their symptoms when asked, where as actual patients with schizophrenia are often reluctant to discuss their symptoms.
- Report rare or atypical symptoms.
- Tend to overreact
- Accuse clinicians of not believing them
- In an interview may be evasive when asked to provide details.
- Behave in an intimidating manner
Methods to detect malingered
psychosis
- Self-report questionnaire
2. Interview-based method