Unit 4; Chapter 16 vocab

Question 1

Academy:

Answer 1

Specialized group, sometimes funded or protected by wealthy individuals or royalty.

Question 2

Atheism:

Answer 2

Disbelief in any gods.

Question 3

Baroque Movement:

Answer 3

Cultural/art movement that characterized Europe from the early 1600’s-mid-1700’s.

Question 4

Capitalism:

Answer 4

Economic system where private parties make their goods and services available on a free market and profit from the market.

Question 5

Coffeehouse:

Answer 5

Social establishments that served coffee and where people could go and socialize.

Question 6

Consumer Revolution:

Answer 6

Significant increase in the consumption of goods and services that happened in the 1700’s.

Question 7

Deism:

Answer 7

Belief that God created the universe with certain laws.

Question 8

Empiricism:

Answer 8

The use of experiment/observation derived from sensory evidence to construct scientific theory or philosophy of knowledge.

Question 9

Encyclopedie:

Answer 9

Comprehensive reference work edited by Denis Diderot and Jean Le Rond d’Alembert, published in France from 1751-1772.

Question 10

Enlightenment:

Answer 10

Intellectual movement in Europe in the 1600’s/1700’s that emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority.

Question 11

Invisible Hand:

Answer 11

Metaphor by Adam Smith describing the self-regulating nature of the marketplace, where individual self-interest unintentionally contributes to the overall economic good.

Question 12

Laissez-Faire:

Answer 12

Policy of minimum governmental interference with the economic affairs individuals and society.

Question 13

Natural Rights:

Answer 13

Natural right to life, liberty, and property.

Question 14

Neoclassicism:

Answer 14

The revival of classical art style and architecture.

Question 15

“On Crimes and Punishments:”

Answer 15

Book by Cesare Beccaria classifying crimes and punishments.

Question 16

Pantheon:

Answer 16

Ancient Roman temple.

Question 17

Philosophes:

Answer 17

Intellectuals of the Enlightenment.

Question 18

Physiocrats:

Answer 18

Group of French economists who wanted free trade and a change in the tax system.

Question 19

Pietism:

Answer 19

Religious reform movement that began among German Lutherans in the 1600’s.

Question 20

Rationalism:

Answer 20

Belief that opinions/actions should be based on reason and knowledge instead of religious beliefs or emotional responses.

Question 21

Rococo:

Answer 21

French-centered art/architecture style.

Question 22

Salon:

Answer 22

Informal gatherings, usually sponsored by Middle-class or aristocratic women.

Question 23

Skepticism:

Answer 23

Doubtful/questioning attitude, especially towards religion.

Question 24

“The Social Contract:”

Answer 24

A group of people who agree to give up certain rights and accept a central authority in order to protect their other rights.

Question 25

“The Spirit of Laws:”

Answer 25

Foundational work by Montesquieu that explores the relationship between laws, government, and society.

Question 26

High Culture:

Answer 26

Literary/artistic world of the educated and wealthy ruling classes.

Question 27

Popular Culture:

Answer 27

Written/unwritten lore of the masses, most of which is passed down orally.