Unit 4; Chapter 16 vocab Flashcards
Academy:
Specialized group, sometimes funded or protected by wealthy individuals or royalty.
Atheism:
Disbelief in any gods.
Baroque Movement:
Cultural/art movement that characterized Europe from the early 1600’s-mid-1700’s.
Capitalism:
Economic system where private parties make their goods and services available on a free market and profit from the market.
Coffeehouse:
Social establishments that served coffee and where people could go and socialize.
Consumer Revolution:
Significant increase in the consumption of goods and services that happened in the 1700’s.
Deism:
Belief that God created the universe with certain laws.
Empiricism:
The use of experiment/observation derived from sensory evidence to construct scientific theory or philosophy of knowledge.
Encyclopedie:
Comprehensive reference work edited by Denis Diderot and Jean Le Rond d’Alembert, published in France from 1751-1772.
Enlightenment:
Intellectual movement in Europe in the 1600’s/1700’s that emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority.
Invisible Hand:
Metaphor by Adam Smith describing the self-regulating nature of the marketplace, where individual self-interest unintentionally contributes to the overall economic good.
Laissez-Faire:
Policy of minimum governmental interference with the economic affairs individuals and society.
Natural Rights:
Natural right to life, liberty, and property.
Neoclassicism:
The revival of classical art style and architecture.
“On Crimes and Punishments:”
Book by Cesare Beccaria classifying crimes and punishments.
Pantheon:
Ancient Roman temple.
Philosophes:
Intellectuals of the Enlightenment.
Physiocrats:
Group of French economists who wanted free trade and a change in the tax system.
Pietism:
Religious reform movement that began among German Lutherans in the 1600’s.
Rationalism:
Belief that opinions/actions should be based on reason and knowledge instead of religious beliefs or emotional responses.
Rococo:
French-centered art/architecture style.
Salon:
Informal gatherings, usually sponsored by Middle-class or aristocratic women.
Skepticism:
Doubtful/questioning attitude, especially towards religion.
“The Social Contract:”
A group of people who agree to give up certain rights and accept a central authority in order to protect their other rights.
“The Spirit of Laws:”
Foundational work by Montesquieu that explores the relationship between laws, government, and society.
High Culture:
Literary/artistic world of the educated and wealthy ruling classes.
Popular Culture:
Written/unwritten lore of the masses, most of which is passed down orally.
