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AP European History > Unit 3 9/17-9/24 vocab > Flashcards

Unit 3 9/17-9/24 vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Absolutism:

A

Form of government where all sovereign power is in the hand of a single monarch.

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2
Q

Balance of Power:

A

Condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries/alliances of countries.

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3
Q

Battle of Vienna:

A

(1683:) Holy Roman Empire forces stopped the Ottoman Empire from conquering Vienna.

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4
Q

Boyar:

A

Russian noble class.

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5
Q

Cardinal Jules Mazarin:

A

Co-ruler of France alongside Queen Anne of Austria.

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6
Q

Cardinal Richelieu:

A

France’s 1st bishop to implement in his diocese the reforms decreed by the Council of Trent.

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7
Q

Catalan Revolt:

A

(Lasting from 1640-1652.) Revolted against Phillip IV (4) of Spain, and was motivated by fiscal, political, and long-standing historical issues.

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8
Q

Catherine the Great:

A

(Ruled from 1762-1796.) Russia’s longest-reigning empress, married to Peter III of Russia.

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9
Q

Courtier:

A

Workers in a king/queen’s court.

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10
Q

Czar:

A

Russian word for ruler/emperor.

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11
Q

Divine Right:

A

Belief that a monarch’s authority comes directly from God, and is absolute.

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12
Q

Dutch East India Company:

A

Company founded by the Dutch in the early 1600’s to establish/direct trade throughout Asia.

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13
Q

Dutch Revolt:

A

(1566.) Netherlands revolting against Spanish rule.

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14
Q

Dutch War:

A

(1672-1678.) Conflict initiated by France under King Louis XIV against the Dutch Republic while aiming to expand French territory.

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15
Q

Eighty Years’ War:

A

Dutch War of independence from Spain (1568-1648.)

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16
Q

Frederick the Great:

A

Former Prussian king who ruled from 1740-1786.

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17
Q

Frederick William I:

A

2nd Prussian king who ruled from 1713-1740.

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18
Q

Fronde:

A

Series of uprisings/civil wars in France from 1648-1653.

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19
Q

Grand Embassy (Russia:)

A

Russian diplomatic mission to West Europe from March 9th, 1697-August 25th, 1698.

20
Q

Great Northern War:

A

(1700-1721.) Conflict where a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish empire.

21
Q

Gustavus Adolphus:

A

King of Sweden from 1611-1632.

22
Q

Holy Synod:

A

Governing body of any of the Orthodox churches.

23
Q

House of Commons:

A

One of the Parliament houses including wealthy land-owners/rich business leaders that represent the middle class and are elected to office.

24
Q

House of Lords:

A

Upper house of Parliament.

25
Q

Jean-Baptiste Colbert:

A

French statesman who served as 1st minister of state from 1661-1683.

26
Q

Joint-Stock Company:

A

One of the new forms of commercial organization in the 1500’s/1600’s.

27
Q

Louis XIV (France:)

A

Former French king who ruled from 1643-1715.

28
Q

Maria Theresa:

A

Ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740-1780.

29
Q

Nine Years’ War:

A

(1688-1697.) War between France and the Grand Alliance.

30
Q

Oligarchy:

A

A small group of people who control a country.

31
Q

Palace of Versailles:

A

French palace.

32
Q

Parlement:

A

Supreme court under the ancien regime in France.

33
Q

Partition:

A

Act of diving a country into multiple parts.

34
Q

Peace of Utrecht:

A

Ended the War of the Spanish Succession (1713.)

35
Q

Peace of Westphalia:

A

European settlements of 1648 that ended the Thirty Years’ War.

36
Q

Peter the Great:

A

Tsar of Russia from 1682-1725.

37
Q

Phillip II (Spain:)

A

Spanish king from 1556-1598.

38
Q

Phillip V (Spain:)

A

Former Spanish king from 11/1/1700-1/14/1724, and again from 9/6/1724-1746.

39
Q

Russian Academy of Sciences:

A

New academic center in Europe.

40
Q

Sejm:

A

Lower house of the national legislature of Poland.

41
Q

Seven Years’ War:

A

(1756-1763.) War between France and England over land.

42
Q

Stainslaw II:

A

Former Polish king/Grand Duke of Lithuania that ruled from 1704-1733.)

43
Q

Union of Utrecht:

A

Signed by 7 North provinces of the Netherlands against Spain. (1579.)

44
Q

Urban Gentry:

A

People who lived in towns, enjoying a reasonable income but lacking the landed acreage of the mansion associated with the country Gentry.

45
Q

War of the Spanish Succession:

A

(1701-1714.) War caused by King Charles II.

AP European History (5 decks)

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