Unit 3 chapter 15/18 Flashcards
Vocab memorization
Absolute Monarchy:
Government system where a ruler in possession of supreme authority (King/queen) where said monarch has absolute authority.
Bank of England:
England’s central bank that issued uniform bank notes, extended short-term loans, and provided means for transferring capital for investment purposes.
Bill of Rights:
Certain rights of the British people.
Charles I:
King of Ireland, England, and Scotland. (Ruled from 1625-1649.)
Colonization:
European nations establishing settlements and exerting control over territories outside Europe.
Commercial Revolution:
Period of European economic expansion from 1450-1800.
Constitutional Monarchy:
Form of government where a monarch acts as head of state within the guidelines of a constitution.
Cottage Industry:
System that came before the factory industry where people made products in their own homes.
Cotton Gin:
Machine used for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers.
Crop Rotation:
System designed to grow different crops in the same soil at different times of the year.
Customs Barrier:
Government-induced restrictions on international trade.
Enclosure Movement:
Movement to take land that’d formerly been owned in common by all village members.
English Civil War:
(1642-1651.) Series of armed conflicts and political schemes between Parliamentarians and Royalists.
External Tariff:
Tax implied to imported goods by a group of countries that have formed a custom union.
Glorious Revolution:
Forced England’s monarchy to accept clear limits on its power.
Internal Tariffs:
Taxes meant to prevent outside merchants from ruining local businesses/guilds.
James I:
Scottish king as James VI (the 6th,) (1567-1625) and first Stuart king of England (1603-1625.)
John Rolfe:
Early settler of North America known for being the first person to plant tobacco in Virginia, and marrying Pocahontas.
Joseph-Marie Jacquard:
Inventor of the loom.
Le Chapelier Law:
A piece of legislation passed by the National Assembly banning guilds like the early version of trade unions.
Limited-liability Corporation:
Offers that limited liability protection and pass-through taxation.
Long Parliament:
English Parliament lasting from 1640-1660.
Mary II:
Former queen of England, Ireland, and Scotland, ruling with King William III. (She ruled from 1689-1694.)
Mechanical Hoe:
Device that helped with the growing/harvesting of crops.
Mercantilism:
Economic theory that trade generates wealth.
Middle Passage:
Passage that transported slaves from Africa to the Americas.
Mixed farming:
Throwing/planting seeds in an unorganized way.
Navigation Acts:
(1651.) Provisions that intended to target and weaken Dutch control of American/European markets.
Oliver Cromwell:
Lord protector/Head of State of the Commonwealth of England, Ireland, and Scotland. (Ruled from 1653-1658.)
Parliamentarians:
Political faction during the English Civil War that supported the authority of the English Parliament against King Charles I.
Parliamentary Sovereignty:
A concept where parliaments holds supreme authority over all aspects of governance within its jurisdiction.
Plantation:
Large agricultural estate in the New World, where crops are grown on a large scale.
Proto-Industrialization:
Preliminary shift away from agricultural economy in Europe.
Restoration:
Revival of the English monarchy in 1660.
Royalists:
Government form where a monarch acts as head of state.
Rump Parliament:
What remained of Parliament after Pride’s Purge (December 1648,) which removed non-supporting members of military intervention against King Charles I.
Speed Drill:
Device that plants seeds at the appropriate spots.
Spinning Jenny:
A machine used for spinning more than one spindle at a time.
Spinning Mule:
Machine used to spin cotton/other fibers.
Steam engine:
A machine that turns the energy released by burning fuel into motion.
Thresher:
Device that separates grains from plants.
Triangle Trade:
System during the 1500’s-1800’s where goods were traded among Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
Water Frame:
Spinning machine powered by water.
William of Orange (William III:)
One of the lords that rules over various parts of the Netherlands.
Yeoman Farmer:
More professional farmers who owned a large portion of land and were more independent.
Hereditary Monarchy:
Government form where the throne passes from one relative to the other, of a ruling family
Episcopal System:
Hierarchical (ranked based off of class/wealth) form of church governance where the chief local authorities are called bishops.
Bishops:
A senior member of the Christian clergy who is the main power.
Presbyterian:
Protestant Christian denomination (autonomous/self-governed) that originated during the Reformation.
Petition of Right:
(Passed/ordered on June 7th, 1628.) English document that asked for a settlement of Parliament’s complaints against the Kings non-Parliamentary taxation and imprisonments without trial.
Archbishop:
Main bishop responsible for an archdiocese.
Anglican Church:
Church of England that agrees with doctrine (written religious teachings) and discipline.
Anglican Book of Common Prayer:
Liturgical book used by churches of the Anglican Communion.
Instrument of Government:
1653 constitution that was England, Ireland, and Scotland’s first written one.
Declaration of Indulgence:
(1672.) Suspended the penal code (set of laws) against all religious Nonconformists (non rule-followers), Catholic and Dissenter alike.
Test Act of 1673:
Specified that only Anglicans (Christians,) could hold military and civil offices.
Revolution Settlement:
Confirmed William and Mary as monarchs. (1689.)
Convention Parliament:
Asserted that James had tried to subvert the constitution. (January 1689.)
Toleration Act of 1689:
Granted Puritan Dissenters the right of free public worship.
