Unit 3 chapter 15/18 Flashcards

Vocab memorization

1
Q

Absolute Monarchy:

A

Government system where a ruler in possession of supreme authority (King/queen) where said monarch has absolute authority.

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2
Q

Bank of England:

A

England’s central bank that issued uniform bank notes, extended short-term loans, and provided means for transferring capital for investment purposes.

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3
Q

Bill of Rights:

A

Certain rights of the British people.

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4
Q

Charles I:

A

King of Ireland, England, and Scotland. (Ruled from 1625-1649.)

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5
Q

Colonization:

A

European nations establishing settlements and exerting control over territories outside Europe.

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6
Q

Commercial Revolution:

A

Period of European economic expansion from 1450-1800.

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7
Q

Constitutional Monarchy:

A

Form of government where a monarch acts as head of state within the guidelines of a constitution.

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8
Q

Cottage Industry:

A

System that came before the factory industry where people made products in their own homes.

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9
Q

Cotton Gin:

A

Machine used for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers.

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10
Q

Crop Rotation:

A

System designed to grow different crops in the same soil at different times of the year.

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11
Q

Customs Barrier:

A

Government-induced restrictions on international trade.

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12
Q

Enclosure Movement:

A

Movement to take land that’d formerly been owned in common by all village members.

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13
Q

English Civil War:

A

(1642-1651.) Series of armed conflicts and political schemes between Parliamentarians and Royalists.

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14
Q

External Tariff:

A

Tax implied to imported goods by a group of countries that have formed a custom union.

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15
Q

Glorious Revolution:

A

Forced England’s monarchy to accept clear limits on its power.

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16
Q

Internal Tariffs:

A

Taxes meant to prevent outside merchants from ruining local businesses/guilds.

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17
Q

James I:

A

Scottish king as James VI (the 6th,) (1567-1625) and first Stuart king of England (1603-1625.)

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18
Q

John Rolfe:

A

Early settler of North America known for being the first person to plant tobacco in Virginia, and marrying Pocahontas.

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19
Q

Joseph-Marie Jacquard:

A

Inventor of the loom.

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20
Q

Le Chapelier Law:

A

A piece of legislation passed by the National Assembly banning guilds like the early version of trade unions.

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21
Q

Limited-liability Corporation:

A

Offers that limited liability protection and pass-through taxation.

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22
Q

Long Parliament:

A

English Parliament lasting from 1640-1660.

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23
Q

Mary II:

A

Former queen of England, Ireland, and Scotland, ruling with King William III. (She ruled from 1689-1694.)

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24
Q

Mechanical Hoe:

A

Device that helped with the growing/harvesting of crops.

25
Q

Mercantilism:

A

Economic theory that trade generates wealth.

26
Q

Middle Passage:

A

Passage that transported slaves from Africa to the Americas.

27
Q

Mixed farming:

A

Throwing/planting seeds in an unorganized way.

28
Q

Navigation Acts:

A

(1651.) Provisions that intended to target and weaken Dutch control of American/European markets.

29
Q

Oliver Cromwell:

A

Lord protector/Head of State of the Commonwealth of England, Ireland, and Scotland. (Ruled from 1653-1658.)

30
Q

Parliamentarians:

A

Political faction during the English Civil War that supported the authority of the English Parliament against King Charles I.

31
Q

Parliamentary Sovereignty:

A

A concept where parliaments holds supreme authority over all aspects of governance within its jurisdiction.

32
Q

Plantation:

A

Large agricultural estate in the New World, where crops are grown on a large scale.

33
Q

Proto-Industrialization:

A

Preliminary shift away from agricultural economy in Europe.

34
Q

Restoration:

A

Revival of the English monarchy in 1660.

35
Q

Royalists:

A

Government form where a monarch acts as head of state.

36
Q

Rump Parliament:

A

What remained of Parliament after Pride’s Purge (December 1648,) which removed non-supporting members of military intervention against King Charles I.

37
Q

Speed Drill:

A

Device that plants seeds at the appropriate spots.

38
Q

Spinning Jenny:

A

A machine used for spinning more than one spindle at a time.

39
Q

Spinning Mule:

A

Machine used to spin cotton/other fibers.

40
Q

Steam engine:

A

A machine that turns the energy released by burning fuel into motion.

41
Q

Thresher:

A

Device that separates grains from plants.

42
Q

Triangle Trade:

A

System during the 1500’s-1800’s where goods were traded among Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

43
Q

Water Frame:

A

Spinning machine powered by water.

44
Q

William of Orange (William III:)

A

One of the lords that rules over various parts of the Netherlands.

45
Q

Yeoman Farmer:

A

More professional farmers who owned a large portion of land and were more independent.

46
Q

Hereditary Monarchy:

A

Government form where the throne passes from one relative to the other, of a ruling family

47
Q

Episcopal System:

A

Hierarchical (ranked based off of class/wealth) form of church governance where the chief local authorities are called bishops.

48
Q

Bishops:

A

A senior member of the Christian clergy who is the main power.

49
Q

Presbyterian:

A

Protestant Christian denomination (autonomous/self-governed) that originated during the Reformation.

50
Q

Petition of Right:

A

(Passed/ordered on June 7th, 1628.) English document that asked for a settlement of Parliament’s complaints against the Kings non-Parliamentary taxation and imprisonments without trial.

51
Q

Archbishop:

A

Main bishop responsible for an archdiocese.

52
Q

Anglican Church:

A

Church of England that agrees with doctrine (written religious teachings) and discipline.

53
Q

Anglican Book of Common Prayer:

A

Liturgical book used by churches of the Anglican Communion.

54
Q

Instrument of Government:

A

1653 constitution that was England, Ireland, and Scotland’s first written one.

55
Q

Declaration of Indulgence:

A

(1672.) Suspended the penal code (set of laws) against all religious Nonconformists (non rule-followers), Catholic and Dissenter alike.

56
Q

Test Act of 1673:

A

Specified that only Anglicans (Christians,) could hold military and civil offices.

57
Q

Revolution Settlement:

A

Confirmed William and Mary as monarchs. (1689.)

58
Q

Convention Parliament:

A

Asserted that James had tried to subvert the constitution. (January 1689.)

59
Q

Toleration Act of 1689:

A

Granted Puritan Dissenters the right of free public worship.