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Medical Terminology > Unit 4 - Chapter 13, Eye > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Chapter 13, Eye Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Function of the eye

A

Sensory receptors for vision

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2
Q

What four mechanisms does vision require proper functioning of?

A

1-Coordination of external eye muscle, so both move together
2-Correct amount of light admitted by the pupil
3-Correct focus of light on retina by the lens
4-Optic nerve transmitting sensory information to the brain

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3
Q

Three layers of the eyeball

A

Sclera, choroid, retina

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4
Q

Outer most layer of eyeball, white of eye

A

Sclera

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5
Q

Main part of sclera and it’s function

A

Cornea is anterior portion of sclera, it bends light rays

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6
Q

Middle layer of eyeball, opaque

A

Choroid

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7
Q

Four parts of choroid and functions

A

1- Iris, colored portion of smooth muscle
2- ciliary body, ring of smooth muscle behind Iris
3- lens, located in center of ciliary body, attached with suspensory ligament
4- pupil, opening in center of iris, lets light rays in

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8
Q

Two types of humor in the eye

A

1 – aqueous humor, watery fluid between cornea and lens. 2 – vitreous humor, semi solid gel between lens and retina.

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9
Q

Two functional units of the retina

A

Cones – active and bright light, color vision
Rods – active in dim light, gray vision

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10
Q

Where on the retina does an image fall when looking directly at something?

A

Macula lutea

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11
Q

Center of macula lutea, clearest point of vision due to highest concentration of sensory cells

A

Fovea centralis

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12
Q

Point on retina where retinal blood vessels enter and exit eyeball, where optic nerve leaves eyeball, Blindspot

A

Optic disc

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13
Q

Muscles of the eye

A

4 rectus muscles that move the eyeball up and down, and 2 oblique muscles that move the eyeball on the diagonal

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14
Q

Function of the conjunctiva

A

Seal eyeball in socket

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15
Q

Lacrimal gland location and function

A

Located outer upper corner of each eye lid, produces tears

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16
Q

Lacrimal canal location and function

A

Located at inner corner of eye sockets, collect tears and drain into nasolacrimal duct

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17
Q

Function of tears

A

Wash and lubricate anterior surface of eyeball

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18
Q

Combining form for gland

A

Aden/o

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19
Q

Combining form for dull/dim

A

Ambly/o

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20
Q

Combining form for vessel

A

Angi/o

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21
Q

Combining form for eyelid

A

Blephar/o

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22
Q

Combining form for ciliary body

A

Cycl/o

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23
Q

Two combining forms for tears

A

Dacry/o, lacrim/o

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24
Q

Combining form for correct/proper

A

Emmetr/o

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25
Q

Combining form for sensation/feeling

A

Esthesi/o

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26
Q

Combining form for Gray

A

Glauc/o

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27
Q

Two combining forms for Iris

A

Ir/o, irid/o

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28
Q

Combining form for cornea

A

Kerat/o

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29
Q

Combining form for macula lutea

A

Macul/o

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30
Q

Combining form for lessening

A

Mi/o

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31
Q

Combining form for widening

A

Mydr/i

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32
Q

Combining form for night

A

Nyctal/o

33
Q

Combining form for optic disk

A

Papill/o

34
Q

Combining form for lens

A

Phac/o

35
Q

Combining form for light

A

Phot/o

36
Q

Combining form for point

A

Stigmat/o

37
Q

Combining form for choroid

A

Uve/o

38
Q

Combining form for glassy

A

Vitre/o

39
Q

Combining form for dry

A

Xer/o

40
Q

Two suffixes meaning vision condition

A

-opia or -opsia

41
Q

Suffix meaning turned condition

A

-tropia

42
Q

Prefix meaning to shut

A

Myo-

43
Q

Adjective form of iris

A

Iridal

44
Q

Four adjective forms of pertaining to the eye

A

Ocular,
optic,
optical,
ophthalmic

45
Q

Pertaining to choroid layer of eye

A

Uveal

46
Q

Branch of medicine involving diagnosis, and treatment of conditions and diseases of the eye and surrounding structures

A

Ophthalmology

47
Q

Medical profession specializing in examining the eyes/vision/prescribing corrective lenses

A

Optometry

48
Q

Drooping eyelid

A

Blepharoptosis

49
Q

Paralysis of ciliary body that change the shape of the lens, making it difficult to bring images into focus

A

Cycloplegia

50
Q

Condition of seeing double

A

Diplopia

51
Q

State of normal vision

A

Emmetropia

52
Q

Paralysis of iris

A

Iridoplegia

53
Q

Difficulty seeing in dim light a.k.a. night blind

A

Nyctalopia

54
Q

Eye pain

A

Ophthalmalgia

55
Q

Paralysis of one or more of the extraocular muscles

A

Ophthalmoplegia

56
Q

Bleeding from the eye

A

Ophthalmorrhagia

57
Q

Swelling of the optic disc, a.k.a. choked disk

A

Papilledema

58
Q

Strong sensitivity to bright light

A

Photophobia

59
Q

Expected changes and vision due to normal aging process

A

Presbyopia

60
Q

Softening of the Sclera

A

Scleromalacia

61
Q

Condition of dry eyes

A

Xerophthalmia

62
Q

Complete color blindness

A

Achromatopsia

63
Q

Loss of vision, not as a result of eye pathology

A

Amblyopia

64
Q

Condition where light rays are focused unevenly on the retina/no sharp point of focus, causing distorted image due to abnormal curvature of the cornea

A

Astigmatism

65
Q

Development of opaque or cloudy lens

A

Cataract

66
Q

Increase in extra ocular pressure, left untreated, may result in atrophy of optic nerve and blindness

A

Glaucoma

67
Q

Hyperopia

A

Farsightedness

68
Q

Myopia

A

 Nearsightedness

69
Q

Inflammation of the cornea

A

Keratitis

70
Q

Unable to perceive one color

A

Monochromatism

71
Q

Fungus infection of the eye

A

Oculomycosis

72
Q

Inflammation of choroid layer

A

Uveitis

73
Q

Hypertrophied conjunctival tissue in inner corner of the eye

A

Pterygium

74
Q

Inflammation of the eyelid

A

Blepharitis

75
Q

Stye; small purulent inflammatory infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid

A

Hordeolum

76
Q

Inflammation of the lacrimal GLAND

A

Dacryoadenitis

77
Q

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac

A

Dacryocystitis

78
Q

Jerky appearing involuntary movements

A

Nystagmus

79
Q

Loss of vision and half of visual field

A

Hemianopia

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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