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Medical Terminology > Unit 3 - Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Chapter 7 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Aer/o

A

Air

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2
Q

Alveol/o

A

Alveolus

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3
Q

Anthrac/o

A

Coal

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4
Q

Atel/o

A

Incomplete

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5
Q

Bronch/o

A

Bronchus

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6
Q

Bronchi/o

A

Bronchus

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7
Q

Bronchiol/o

A

Bronchiole

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8
Q

Coni/o

A

Dust

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9
Q

Cyan/o

A

Blue

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10
Q

Cyst/o

A

Sac

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11
Q

Diaphragmat/o

A

Diaphragm

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12
Q

Epiglott/o

A

Epiglottis

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13
Q

Hal/o

A

To breathe

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14
Q

Laryng/o

A

Larynx

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15
Q

Lob/o

A

Lobe

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16
Q

Muc/o

A

Mucus

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17
Q

Nas/o

A

Nose

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18
Q

Ox/o, ox/i

A

Oxygen

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19
Q

Pharyng/o

A

Pharynx

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20
Q

Pleur/o

A

Pleura

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21
Q

Pneum/o

A

Lung, air

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22
Q

Pneumon/o

A

Lung, air

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23
Q

Pulmon/o

A

Lung

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24
Q

Rhin/o

A

Nose

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25
Q

Sept/o

A

Wall

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26
Q

Sinus/o

A

Sinus

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27
Q

Somn/o

A

Sleep

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28
Q

Spir/o

A

Breathing

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29
Q

Trache/o

A

Trachea

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30
Q

Tuss/o

A

Cough

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31
Q

-capnia

A

Carbon dioxide

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32
Q

-osmia

A

Smell

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33
Q

-phonia

A

Voice

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34
Q

-phylaxis

A

Protection

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35
Q

-pnea

A

Breathing

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36
Q

-ptysis

A

Spitting

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37
Q

-thorax

A

Chest

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38
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat; connects nasal cavity and trachea;
Divided into three sections:
nasopharynx,
oropharynx,
laryngopharynx

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39
Q

Larynx

A

Voicebox, located just below pharynx

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40
Q

Trachea

A

Wind pipe; conducts air from larynx to main bronchi

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41
Q

Three parts of respiration

A

Ventilation, external respiration, internal respiration

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42
Q

Ventilation

A

The flow of air between outside environment and lungs

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43
Q

External respiration

A

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide inside the lungs

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44
Q

Internal respiration

A

Process of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange at cellular level: oxygen leaves bloodstream > delivered to tissues 

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45
Q

Nares

A

External openings of nose that open into nasal cavity

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46
Q

Mucous membrane

A

Lines body passages that open directly to exterior of body

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47
Q

Cilia

A

Small hairs that line much of respiratory system, filter out, large dirt particles

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48
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

Air-filled cavities in facial bones, echo chamber during sound production

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49
Q

6 Parts of Respiratory System

A

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

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50
Q

Palatine Tonsils

A

Tonsils located in lateral wall of pharynx close to mouth

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51
Q

Tonsil function

A

Help keep pathogens from entering the body through either air breathed or food or liquid swallowed

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52
Q

Where are palatine and lingual tonsils located?

A

In the oropharynx, behind mouth

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53
Q

Where are adenoids and pharyngeal tonsils located?

A

In the nasopharynx, behind the nose

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54
Q

Where is Eustachian/auditory tube located?

A

Nasopharynx

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55
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box, located between pharynx and trachea

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56
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap of cartilaginous tissue, sitting above glottis, protects against food/liquid being inhaled

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57
Q

What forms Adam’s Apple?

A

Thyroid cartilage, located in larynx

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58
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe, between pharynx/larynx and main bronchi, cleanses, warms and moisturizes air as it travels to lungs

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59
Q

Bronchial Tubes

A

Distal ends of trachea, divide into L/R Primary bronchi, which then enter lungs

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60
Q

Bronchioles

A

Narrowest air tubes in lungs, each terminates in alveoli

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61
Q

Respiratory membrane

A

Where walls of alveoli are tightly encased by pulmonary capillaries

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62
Q

Lungs consist of what 3 things?

A

Bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

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63
Q

Double membrane surrounding lungs?

A

Pleura

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64
Q

Sac around each lung formed by pleural membrane?

A

Pleural cavity

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65
Q

Liquid between parietal and visceral layers of pleura?

A

Serous fluid

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66
Q

How many lobes in each lung?

A

R - 3 - upper/middle/lower
L - 2 - upper/lower

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67
Q

Pointed superior portion of lung?

A

Apex

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68
Q

Broad lower area of lung?

A

Base

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69
Q

Area between R and L lung?

A

Mediastinum

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70
Q

What 5 organs are contained in mediastinum?

A

Heart, aorta, esophagus, thymus gland, trachea

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71
Q

Diaphragm

A

Muscle of inspiration, separates thoracic and abdominal cavities

72
Q

Intercostal Muscles

A

Assist in inhalation by raising rib cage to enlarge thoracic cavity.

73
Q

4 Vital Signs

A

Respiratory Rate,
Heart Rate,
Temperature,
Blood Pressure

74
Q

What regulates respiratory rate?

A

Level of CO2 in blood;

High CO2 = more rapid breathing

Low CO2 = resp rate drops

75
Q

Pertaining to alveoli

A

Alveolar

76
Q

Pertaining to bronchus

A

Bronchial

77
Q

Pertaining to bronchiole

A

Bronchiolar

78
Q

Pertaining to diaphragm

A

Diaphragmatic

79
Q

Pertaining to epiglottis

A

Epiglottic

80
Q

Pertaining to larynx

A

Laryngeal

81
Q

Pertaining to a lobe (of lung)

A

Lobar

82
Q

Pertaining to mucus

A

Mucous

83
Q

Pertaining to nose

A

Nasal

84
Q

Pertaining to nose and pharynx

A

Nasopharyngeal

85
Q

Pertaining to beside the nose

A

Paranasal

86
Q

Pertaining to pharynx

A

Pharyngeal

87
Q

Pertaining to pleura

A

Pleural

88
Q

Pertaining to lung

A

Pulmonary

89
Q

Pertaining to wall

A

Septal

90
Q

Pertaining to chest

A

Thoracic

91
Q

Pertaining trachea

A

Tracheal

92
Q

Otorhinolaryngology

A

ENT medicine

93
Q

Anosmia

A

No smell

94
Q

Anoxia

A

Receive almost no air from inhaled oxygen

95
Q

Aphonia

A

Unable to produce sounds

96
Q

Apnea

A

Not breathing

97
Q

Asphyxia

A

Lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness or death

98
Q

Aspiration

A

Withdrawing fluid from body cavity using suction

99
Q

Bradypnea

A

Low respiratory Rate

100
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Dilated bronchus

101
Q

Cheyne- Stokes respiration

A

Long period of apnea followed by deeper rapid breathing

102
Q

Clubbing

A

Abnormal widening/thickening of ends of phalanges due to chronic oxygen deficiency

103
Q

Crackles

A

Sounds during inspiration, indicates presence of fluid/mucus in airways (aka rales)

104
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish skin tint due to insufficient oxygen

105
Q

Dysphonia

A

Difficulty producing sounds/abnormal sounds

106
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficult breatging

107
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleed

108
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal breathing

109
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Cough up blood/blood stained sputum

110
Q

Hemothorax

A

Blood in chest cavity

111
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Excess CO2 in body

112
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Taking deep breathes

113
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Tachypnea or Hyperpnea

114
Q

Hypocapnia

A

Insufficient CO2 in body

115
Q

Hypopnea

A

Shallow breathing

116
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Breathing too slowly or too shallow

117
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Insufficient oxygen in blood

118
Q

Hypoxia

A

Insufficient oxygen from inhaled air

119
Q

Laryngoplegia

A

Paralysis of laryngeal muscles

120
Q

Orthopnea

A

Dyspnea worsened by lying flat

121
Q

Pansinusitis

A

Inflammation of all sinuses

122
Q

Patent

A

Unblocked/open

123
Q

Pleural rub

A

Sounds when two pleural layers rub together

124
Q

Pleurodynia

A

Pleural pain

125
Q

Pyothorax

A

Pus in chest cavity

126
Q

Rhinitis

A

Inflammation of nasal cavity

127
Q

Rhinorrhagia

A

Rapid flow of blood from nose

128
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Discharge from nose

129
Q

Rhonci

A

Musical sound during inspiration

130
Q

Shortness of Breath

A

Dyspnea

131
Q

Sputum

A

Mucus/phlegm coughed up from lining of respiratory tract

132
Q

Stridor

A

Harsh/high-pitched/noisy sound breathing when have obstruction of bronchus or larynx (ex croup)

133
Q

Tachypnea

A

Breathing fast

134
Q

Thoracalgia

A

Chest pain

135
Q

Tracheostenosis

A

Narrowing of trachea

136
Q

Croup

A

Infants/children w barking cough/stridor

137
Q

Diphtheria

A

Bacterial upper respiratory infection; thick membranous film across throat

138
Q

Nasopharyngitis

A

Inflammation of nasal cavity and pharynx, common cold

139
Q

Pertussis

A

Infectious bacterial disease of upper respiratory system, whooping cough

140
Q

Rhinomycosis

A

Fungal infection of nasal cavity

141
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Abnormal enlargement of bronchi

142
Q

Bronchogenic carcinoma

A

Malignant tumor originating in bronchi

143
Q

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

Acute respiratory failure, tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxemia, aka acute respiratory distress syndrome

144
Q

Anthracosis

A

Type of pneumoconiosis develops from collection of coal dust in lungs, a.k.a. black lung/miner’s lung

145
Q

Asbestosis

A

Pneumoconiosis develops from collection of asbestos fibers in lungs, could develop into lung cancer

146
Q

Atelectasis

A

Alveoli and part of lung collapse, prevents respiratory exchange

147
Q

Chronic obstructive, pulmonary disease, COPD

A

Progressive chronic, and usually irreversible group of conditions where lungs have diminished capacity

148
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

thick mucus, severe congestion within lungs, pancreas, and intestine

149
Q

Emphysema

A

Pulmonary condition, walls of alveoli are destroyed

150
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

Pulmonary infection caused by fungus found in dust

151
Q

Infant respiratory distress syndrome

A

Lung condition in premature infants, tachypnea and respiratory grunting,
a.k.a. hyaline membrane disease

152
Q

Legionnaires’ disease

A

Severe, fatal bacterial infection - pneumonia and liver/kidney damage

153
Q

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

A

Viral respiratory illness, fever, cough, shortness of breath

154
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia

A

Walking pneumonia, less severe but longer lasting form of pneumonia

155
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Condition from inhalation of environmental particles that are toxic

156
Q

Pneumonia

A

 Inflammatory condition of lung, filling of alveoli and air spaces with fluid

157
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Lung tissue retains excessive amount of fluid, especially in Alveoli, results in dyspnea

158
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Obstruction of pulmonary artery by embolus

159
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis

A

Formation of fibrous, scar tissue in lungs, decreased ability to expand lungs

160
Q

Severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS

A

Acute viral respiratory infection, begins like flu, but quickly progresses to severe dyspnea

161
Q

Silicosis

A

 Type of pneumoconiosis that develops from inhalation of silica/quartz dust

162
Q

Sudden infant death syndrome, SIDS

A

Unexplained, unexpected death of apparently well infant under one year of age

163
Q

Tuberculosis

A

 Infectious disease caused by bacteria

164
Q

Empyema

A

Pus within pleural space, usually bacterial infection

165
Q

Pleural effusion

A

 Abnormal accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity, prevents lungs from fully expanding

166
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of pleura characterized by sharp chest pain with each breath

167
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Collection of air or gas in pleural cavity

168
Q

Clinical lab tests for respiratory system

A

Arterial blood gases,

sputum culture and sensitivity,

sputum cytology

169
Q

Diagnostic imaging for respiratory system

A

Bronchogram

Chest x-ray

Pulmonary angiography

Ventilation perfusion scan

170
Q

Endoscopic procedures for respiratory system

A

Bronchoscopy

Laryngoscopy

171
Q

Pulmonary function tests for respiratory system

A

Oximetry

Pulmonary function test

Spirometry

172
Q

Additional diagnostic procedures for respiratory system

A

 Polysomnography

Sweat test

Tuberculin skin test

173
Q

Respiratory therapies:

A

Aerosol therapy

Continuous positive airway pressure, CPAP

Endotracheal intubation

Nasal cannula

Postural drainage

Supplemental oxygen therapy

Ventilator

174
Q

Surgical procedures for respiratory system

A

Bronchoplasty

Laryngectomy

Laryngoplasty

Lobectomy

Pleurectomy

Pleurocentesis

Pneumonectomy

Rhinoplasty

Thoracentesis

Thoracostomy

Thoracotomy

Tracheotomy

175
Q

Additional procedures for respiratory system

A

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR

Heimlich maneuver

Percussion

176
Q

Pharmacology for respiratory system

A

 Antitussive – relieves urge to cough

Corticosteroids – reduces inflammation and swelling in respiratory tract

Mucolytic – liquefies mucus

177
Q

Abbreviations for respiratory system

A

ABGs –

arterial blood gases

ARDS –

adult respiratory distress syndrome

Bronch-
Bronchoscopy

CF -
Cystic fibrosis

CPAP -
Chronic positive airway pressure

CTA -
Clear to auscultation

CXR -
Chest x-ray

DOE -
Dyspnea on exertion

DPT -
Diphtheria pertussis tetanus injection

ERV -
Expiratory reserve volume

FRC -
Functional residual capacity

HMD -
Hyaline membrane disease

IC -
Inspiratory capacity

IPPB -
Intermittent positive pressure breathing

IRDS -
Infant respiratory distress syndrome

IRV -
Inspiratory reserve volume

LLL/LUL -
Left lower lobe/left upper lobe

MDI -
Metered-dose inhaler

MERS -
Middle east respiratory syndrome

PE -
Pulmonary embolism

PFT -
Pulmonary function test

PPD -
Purified protein derivative

R -
Respiration

RA -
Room air

RDS -
Respiratory distress syndrome

RLL/RUL -
Right lower lobe/right middle lobe

RRT -
Registered respiratory therapist

SARs -
Severe acute respiratory syndrome

TLC -
Total lung capacity

TPR -
Temperature pulse and respiration

TV -
Tidal volume

URI -
Upper respiratory

VC -
Vital capacity

VS -
Vital signs

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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