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Medical Terminology > Unit 3 - Chapter 6 Section I > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Chapter 6 Section I Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Agglutin/o

A

Clumping

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2
Q

Bas/o

A

Base

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3
Q

Chrom/o

A

Color

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4
Q

Coagul/o

A

Clotting

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5
Q

Eosin/o

A

Rosy red

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6
Q

Fus/o

A

Pouring

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7
Q

Granul/o

A

Granules

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8
Q

Hem/o

A

Blood

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9
Q

Hemat/o

A

Blood

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10
Q

Morph/o

A

Shape

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11
Q

Myel/o

A

Bone marrow, spinal cord

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12
Q

Neutr/o

A

Neutral

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13
Q

Phag/o

A

Eat, swallow

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14
Q

Sanguin/o

A

Blood

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15
Q

Septic/o

A

Infection

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16
Q

-apheresis

A

Removal, carry away

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17
Q

-crit

A

Separation of

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18
Q

-cytic

A

Pertaining to cells

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19
Q

-Cytosis

A

More than the normal number of cells

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20
Q

-emia

A

Blood condition

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21
Q

-globin

A

Protein

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22
Q

-oid

A

Resembling

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23
Q

-penia

A

abnormal decrease, too few

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24
Q

-Phil

A

Attracted to

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25
Q

-philia

A

Condition of being attracted to

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26
Q

-philic

A

Pertaining to being attracted to

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27
Q

-plastic

A

Pertaining to formation

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28
Q

-poiesis

A

Formation

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29
Q

-rrhagic

A

Pertaining to abnormal flow

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30
Q

-stasis

A

Standing still

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31
Q

Plasma

A

Liquid portion of blood, 90% water

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32
Q

Formed elements

A

Solid portion of blood - erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

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33
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

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34
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells, protect against invasion

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35
Q

Platelets

A

Cells that coagulate blood, aka thrombocytes

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36
Q

Hematopoieses

A

Process of forming blood

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37
Q

Erythr/o

A

Red

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38
Q

Albumin

A

Protein found in bloodstream

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39
Q

Globulins

A

Protein found dissolved in plasma

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40
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Blood protein essential for clotting to happen

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41
Q

Name 4 Plasma Proteins

A

Proteins found in plasma - albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, prothrombin

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42
Q

Gamma globulin

A

Protein component of blood containing antibodies that help resist infection

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43
Q

Important substances dissolved in plasma for transport:

A

Calcium, potassium, sodium, amino acids, fats, urea, creatinine (in addition to plasma proteins)

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44
Q

Bilirubin

A

Waste product produced from destruction of worn out red blood cells, disposed of by liver

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45
Q

Enucleated

A

No longer contain a nucleus

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46
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Iron-containing pigment, gives RBC red color, carries oxygen from lungs to tissue

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47
Q

Lifespan of erythrocyte

A

Average 120 days, removed by spleen

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48
Q

Average number of red blood cells in the human body

A

30-35 trillion

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49
Q

Pathogens

A

Disease-bearing organisms

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50
Q

5 types of leukocytes/white blood cells
3 Granulocytes
2 Agranulocyte

A

Granulocytes:
Basophil,
eosinophil,
neutrophil,

Agranulocytes:
monocyte,
lymphocyte

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51
Q

Basophil

A

Granulocyte, releases histamine and heparin to damaged tissues

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52
Q

Eosinophil

A

Destroy parasites, increase during allergic reactions

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53
Q

Neutrophil

A

Most numerous and phagocytic leukocyte, engulf foreign/damaged cells

54
Q

Monocytes

A

Phagocyte, engulf foreign and damaged cells

55
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Several roles in immune response

56
Q

Thrombocyte

A

Platelet, smallest of all formed blood elements

57
Q

How is platelet formed

A

When cytoplasm of large precursor cell shatters into small plate like fragments

58
Q

Hemostasis

A

Blood clotting process (platelets). Also stopping of blood flow using instruments/pressure/medication

59
Q

Agglutinate

A

Clumping together to form small clusters, platelets agglutinate to start clotting process

60
Q

Thrombin

A

Clotting enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin

61
Q

Components of thrombin

A

Thromboplastin and prothrombin in presence of calcium

62
Q

Fibrin

A

Whitish protein formed by thrombin and fibrinogens, basis for blood clotting

63
Q

ABO system

A

Blood typing system

64
Q

Rh factor

A

Antigen marker found on erythrocytes of persons w Rh+ blood

65
Q

Type A blood

A

Type A marker on RBC’s, will make anti-type B antibodies

66
Q

Type B blood

A

Type B marker on RBC’s, will make anti-type A antibodies

67
Q

Type AB blood

A

Universal Recipient, both type A and type B markers are present on RBC’s, does not contain antibodies, will not attack another blood type

68
Q

Type O blood

A

Universal Donor, recipients with other blood types will not attack antibodies from
Type O since it doesn’t have A or B markers.

Absence of type A or B marker, contains both anti-A and anti-B antibodies, will attack all other blood types when received.

69
Q

Rh Factor

A

Person w Rh factor is Rh+, will not make anti-Rh antibodies.

Person w/o Rh factor is Rh-, will produce anti-Rh antibodies.

70
Q

-apheresis

A

Removal, carry away

71
Q

-crit

A

Separation of

72
Q

-ion

A

Action

73
Q

-penia

A

Too few

74
Q

Dys-

A

Abnormal

75
Q

Dyscrasia

A

Presence of disease affecting blood

76
Q

Hemophilia

A

Hereditary blood disease, prolonged clotting time, mostly males

77
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

Condition of having too high level of lipids

78
Q

Pancytopenia

A

Too few all cells

79
Q

Septicemia

A

Bacteria or toxins in blood

80
Q

Anemia

A

Too few RBCs or hemoglobin

81
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

Severe anemia, loss of
Red bone marrow

82
Q

Erythrocytosis

A

Too many RBCs

83
Q

Erythropenia

A

Too few RBCs

84
Q

Hemolytic anemia

A

Anemia due to destruction of erythrocytes

85
Q

Hemolytic Reaction

A

Destruction of erythrocytes due to receiving transfusion of incompatible blood tyoe

86
Q

Hypochromic anemia

A

anemia from insufficient hemoglobin in erythrocytes

87
Q

Iron-deficiency anemia

A

Anemia from insufficient iron to manufacture hemoglobin

88
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

Anemia w insufficient absorption of Vit B 12

89
Q

Polycythemia Vera

A

Too many RBC’s produced by bone marrow, thick blood

90
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Genetic, RBCs take on sickle shape, fragile, leads to hemolytic anemia

91
Q

Thalassemia

A

Genetic, body can’t make functioning hemoglobin, results in anemia

92
Q

Leukemia

A

Cancer in red bone marrow tissue, responsible for producing white blood cells. Large number of abnormal/immature, leukocytes circulating in the blood stream.

93
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Condition of having too many white blood cells

94
Q

Lymphocytic leukemia

A

Abnormal white blood cells are lymphocytes, acute or chronic.

95
Q

Myeloid leukemia

A

Abnormal leukocytes are granulocytes (usually neutrophils), acute or chronic

96
Q

Thrombocyto
-penia

A

Too few platelets

97
Q

Thrombo-
Cytosis

A

Too many platelets

98
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, Sed rate)

A

Rate at which RBCs settle out of blood, indicates presence of inflammatory disease

99
Q

Hematocrit

A

Blood test to measure volume of RBCs

100
Q

Prothrombin time

A

Indicates blood coagulation abilities, measures how long it takes for a clot to form after prothrombin has been activated.

101
Q

Bone marrow aspiration

A

Removed by aspiration with a needle

102
Q

Autologous transfusion

A

Collect and store patients own blood several weeks before actual need

103
Q

Homologous transfusion

A

Replacement of blood with blood from another person

104
Q

Packed red cells

A

Transfusion where most plasma, leukocytes and platelets have been removed, leaving only erythrocytes

105
Q

Plasmapheresis

A

Way to remove plasma from body without depleting formed elements

106
Q

Potentiation

A

Giving patient a second drug to boost affect of another drug

107
Q

Fibrinolytic

A

Dissolves existing blood clots

108
Q

Drugs: Hematinic

A

Increases amount of RBCs or hemoglobin

109
Q

ac

A

Before meals

110
Q

ALL

A

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

111
Q

AML

A

Acute myeloid leukemia

112
Q

Ante

A

Before

113
Q

Basos

A

Basophils

114
Q

BMT

A

Bone marrow transplant

115
Q

CBC

A

Complete blood count

116
Q

CLL

A

Chronic, lymphocytic leukemia

117
Q

CML

A

Chronic, myeloid leukemia

118
Q

diff

A

Differential

119
Q

Eosins, eos

A

Eosinophils

120
Q

ESR, sed rate

A

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

121
Q

Et

A

And

122
Q

HCT, Hct, crit

A

Hematocrit

123
Q

Hgb, Hb

A

Hemoglobin

124
Q

lymphs

A

Lymphocytes

125
Q

Monos

A

Monocytes

126
Q

noc

A

Night

127
Q

PA

A

Pernicious anemia

128
Q

pc

A

After meals

129
Q

PCV

A

Packed cell volume

130
Q

PMN, polys

A

Polymorphonuclear neutrophil

131
Q

PT, pro-time

A

Prothrombin time

132
Q

segs

A

Segmented neutrophils

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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