Unit 4: Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What is cellular respiration?
Harvesting energy (ATP) from food. It uses ATP (energy) for anabolism (biosynthesis), active transport and movement.
Where does cellular respiration take place using glycolysis?
In the cytosol.
What are the products of glycolysis?
- 2 pyruvates
- 2 ATP
- 2 NADH
- 2 H2O
What os glucose and where can you obtain it?
It is a simple monosaccharide (carbohydrate). You can get it from food or from glycogen reserves.
How is glucose taken up by the body?
Through Na+-glucose transporter (symport). Usually requires insulin.
True or false: Glucagon is required to break down glycogen.
True.
What is a Kinase?
Enzyme involved in transfer of phosphate between ATP and another molecule.
What is an isomerase?
Enzyme that changes a molecule’s conformation.
What is a dehydrogenase?
An enzyme which removes a hydrogen.
What is a mutase?
Enzyme that transfers functional groups from one position to another in the same molecule.
What is an enolase?
Ennzyme that removes water.
What are the required elements of glycolysis?
- glucose
- NAD+
- ATP
- ADP + Pi
- Enzymes
When does fermentation occur?
When the end products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH) accumulate.
Where does lactic acid fermentation occur?
- In lactic acid bacteria
- Some yeasts
- In animals that live in the deep ocean
- in plant roots (uncommon)
- in muscle cells during intense exercise
What are the advantages of lactic acid fermentation?
Regenerates NAD+ for glycolysis and provides ATP at 2.5M/min
What are the disadvantages of lactic acid fermentation?
- short term due to decrease in pH
- creates oxygen debt
True or false: Humans can do ethanol fermentation.
False.
Where does ethanol fermentation occur?
- yeast
- bacteria
- in plant roots (if flooded) (common)
- very in animals
What are advantages of ethanol fermentation?
- regenerates NAD+ for glycolysis
- provides ATP
What are the disadvantages of ethanol fermentation?
EtOH is toxic, thus can only last for a little while.
True or false: Ethanol fermentation is a two step reaction.
True.
What are the products of the first reaction in ethanol fermentation?
Acetaldehyde and CO2
What are the product of the second reaction of ethanol fermentation?
Ethanol
