Unit 1: Introduction

Question 1

What is homeostasis?

Answer 1

Homeostasis is maintaining a constant internal environment (equilibrium) in response to stress. It is also the ability to adjust cellular and physiological processes.

Question 2

What is stress?

Answer 2

Any change in cells/organs/body that disrupts homeostasis. It is a physiological change.

Question 3

What are some examples of stressors?

Answer 3

The environmental stressors, physical injuries or eating, and emotional stressors.

Question 4

What are the steps to restoring homeostasis?

Answer 4

A stimulus causes a change or stress. This is detected by a sensor (ex. nerves). The response is initiated by the control (ex. brain, hormone organs, etc.). The cells respond. Then the body returns to normal.

Question 5

What controls homeostasis?

Answer 5

The nervous system (brain, spinal cord, nerves) and the endocrine (the organs and cells that release hormones). *Remember that nerves are organs.

Question 6

What is the lowest level of organization?

Answer 6

Cells

Question 7

What is the second lowest level of organization?

Answer 7

Tissues. These are composed of more than one type of cell.

Question 8

What is the third lowest level of organization?

Answer 8

Organs. These are composed of more than one type of tissue.

Question 9

What is the second highest level of organization?

Answer 9

System. A system is composed of more than one type of organ.

Question 10

What is the highest level of organization?

Answer 10

Body

Question 11

What is metabolism?

Answer 11

All cellular activities. Anabolism + Catabolism

Question 12

What is the purpose of anabolism?

Answer 12

This is used for repairs, building and for DNA replication.

Question 13

What is catabolism used for?

Answer 13

It is used to breakdown food to provide energy.

Question 14

What is the anatomical position?

Answer 14

Erect and facing forward, legs slightly apart and palms supinated.

Question 15

What is superior? Inferior?

Answer 15

Superior means something that is above another. Inferior means something below another.

Question 16

What does anterior, or ventral, mean?

Answer 16

Toward the front.

Question 17

What does posterior, or dorsal, mean?

Answer 17

Toward the back.

Question 18

How do we describe a position closer to the imaginary midline of the body?

Answer 18

Medial.

Question 19

What does lateral mean?

Answer 19

A position farther away from the midline of the body.

Question 20

What is the axial portion of the body?

Answer 20

The truck, neck and head.

Question 21

What do the legs, arms and their attachments make up?

Answer 21

The appendicular portions of the body.