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Biology Honors > Unit 4 Cell Biology pt. 2 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Cell Biology pt. 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What 3 processes must a cell carry on?

A

1) Nutrition (Eat)
2) Respiration (Breathe)
3) Excretion (Pee)

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2
Q

What is Brownian Motion?

A

All molecules are constantly moving

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3
Q

What is Diffusion?

A

The process by which molecules of a substance move from areas of higher concentration to lower

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4
Q

What is Concentration Gradient?

A

The difference in concentration of molecules of a substance from a highest to lowest number

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5
Q

What 3 things is the rate of diffusion effected by?

A

1) Temperature
2) Pressure
3) Concentration Gradient

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6
Q

Why do membranes control the passage of material into an out of the cell?

A

They are Selectively Permeable

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7
Q

What is the fluid mosaic model?

A

Structure of the Membrane (Phospholipid Bi-layer)

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8
Q

Oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolve in ______.

A

Lipids

They can pass through the cell membrane

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9
Q

Water cannot get through the membrane except at openings formed by _____.

A

Proteins

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10
Q

The diffusion of WATER through a membrane is called ______.

A

Osmosis

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11
Q

What percentage of the cell does water make up?

A

70%

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12
Q

What does iso mean?

A

Equal

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13
Q

What does hyper mean?

A

A lot/over

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14
Q

What does hypo mean?

A

Low/under

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15
Q

What is an example of an isotonic solution?

A

Blood cells in plasma

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16
Q

What is an example of a hypotonic solution?

A

Fish in lakes

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17
Q

What is turgor pressure?

A

When pressure builds in a plant cell because of osmosis

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18
Q

What is an example of a hypertonic solution?

A

Saltwater

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19
Q

What kind of carrier transport doesn’t need energy?

A

Facilitated transport

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20
Q

What kind of carrier transport needs energy?

A

Active transport

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21
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Bulk transport INTO the cell

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22
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

Bulk transport OUT OF the cell

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23
Q

What are examples of endocytosis?

A

Eating and Drinking

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24
Q

What does endo mean?

A

Into

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25
Q

What does cyto mean?

A

Cell

26
Q

What does exo mean?

A

Out

27
Q

What does phago mean?

A

Eat

28
Q

What does pino mean?

A

Drink

29
Q

What are the 2 laws of Thermodynamics?

A 
#1: Energy cannot be created nor destroyed
#2: Energy cannot be converted w/o the loss of energy
30
Q

Where does all energy come from?

A

The sun

31
Q

What is an example of a Catabolic reaction?

A

Respiration

32
Q

What is an example of an Anabolic Reaction?

A

Photosynthesis

33
Q

What is the most important biological molecule of energy?

A

ATP

34
Q

What are the raw (beginning) materials of photosynthesis? (2)

A

1) CO2

2) H2O

35
Q

What are the end products of photosynthesis?

A

1) C6H12O6

2) O2

36
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

H2O + CO2 -> C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O

37
Q

What does energy come in packets of?

A

Photons

38
Q

What color do plants NOT absorb?

A

Green

39
Q

What are substances that absorb light called?

A

Pigments

40
Q

What acts like a light trap during photosynthesis?

A

Chlorophyll

41
Q

What are the 3 types of plant pigments?

A

1) Chlorophyll
2) Carotenes (Orange)
3) Xanthopylls (Yellow)

42
Q

What are the 2 parts of the chloroplast?

A

1) Grana

2) Stroma

43
Q

What are the 2 phases of photosynthesis?

A

1) Light Reactions

2) Dark Reactions

44
Q

What is the change of gasses between organisms?

A

Breathing

45
Q

The breaking of chemical bonds of organic food molecules and releasing energy that can be used is called ______.

A

Respiration

46
Q

What is glycosis?

A

The breaking down of glucose

47
Q

Glycosis takes place in the_______.

A

Cytoplasm

48
Q

Both glycosis and fermentation are ______.

A

Anerobic

49
Q

How many ATP’s are made in the mitochondria?

A

36

50
Q

Where does respiration happen?

A

All living cells

51
Q

When does respiration happen?

A

All the time

52
Q

What goes into respiration?

A

Sugar (Glucose)

53
Q

What comes out of respiration?

A

ATP (Energy)

54
Q

What kind of chemical reaction is respiration?

A

Catabolic

55
Q

Where does Photosynthesis happen?

A

Chloroplasts

56
Q

When does Photosynthesis happen?

A

When light is present

57
Q

What goes into photosynthesis?

A

CO2 and H2O

58
Q

What comes out of photosynthesis?

A

Sugar

59
Q

What is the energy result of photosynthesis?

A

Stored energy in sugar

60
Q

What type of chemical reaction is photosynthesis?

A

Anobolic

Biology Honors (9 decks)

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