Unit 4 Cell Biology pt. 2 Flashcards
What 3 processes must a cell carry on?
1) Nutrition (Eat)
2) Respiration (Breathe)
3) Excretion (Pee)
What is Brownian Motion?
All molecules are constantly moving
What is Diffusion?
The process by which molecules of a substance move from areas of higher concentration to lower
What is Concentration Gradient?
The difference in concentration of molecules of a substance from a highest to lowest number
What 3 things is the rate of diffusion effected by?
1) Temperature
2) Pressure
3) Concentration Gradient
Why do membranes control the passage of material into an out of the cell?
They are Selectively Permeable
What is the fluid mosaic model?
Structure of the Membrane (Phospholipid Bi-layer)
Oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolve in ______.
Lipids
They can pass through the cell membrane
Water cannot get through the membrane except at openings formed by _____.
Proteins
The diffusion of WATER through a membrane is called ______.
Osmosis
What percentage of the cell does water make up?
70%
What does iso mean?
Equal
What does hyper mean?
A lot/over
What does hypo mean?
Low/under
What is an example of an isotonic solution?
Blood cells in plasma
What is an example of a hypotonic solution?
Fish in lakes
What is turgor pressure?
When pressure builds in a plant cell because of osmosis
What is an example of a hypertonic solution?
Saltwater
What kind of carrier transport doesn’t need energy?
Facilitated transport
What kind of carrier transport needs energy?
Active transport
What is endocytosis?
Bulk transport INTO the cell
What is exocytosis?
Bulk transport OUT OF the cell
What are examples of endocytosis?
Eating and Drinking
What does endo mean?
Into
What does cyto mean?
Cell
What does exo mean?
Out
What does phago mean?
Eat
What does pino mean?
Drink
What are the 2 laws of Thermodynamics?
#1: Energy cannot be created nor destroyed #2: Energy cannot be converted w/o the loss of energy
Where does all energy come from?
The sun
What is an example of a Catabolic reaction?
Respiration
What is an example of an Anabolic Reaction?
Photosynthesis
What is the most important biological molecule of energy?
ATP
What are the raw (beginning) materials of photosynthesis? (2)
1) CO2
2) H2O
What are the end products of photosynthesis?
1) C6H12O6
2) O2
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
H2O + CO2 -> C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O
What does energy come in packets of?
Photons
What color do plants NOT absorb?
Green
What are substances that absorb light called?
Pigments
What acts like a light trap during photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll
What are the 3 types of plant pigments?
1) Chlorophyll
2) Carotenes (Orange)
3) Xanthopylls (Yellow)
What are the 2 parts of the chloroplast?
1) Grana
2) Stroma
What are the 2 phases of photosynthesis?
1) Light Reactions
2) Dark Reactions
What is the change of gasses between organisms?
Breathing
The breaking of chemical bonds of organic food molecules and releasing energy that can be used is called ______.
Respiration
What is glycosis?
The breaking down of glucose
Glycosis takes place in the_______.
Cytoplasm
Both glycosis and fermentation are ______.
Anerobic
How many ATP’s are made in the mitochondria?
36
Where does respiration happen?
All living cells
When does respiration happen?
All the time
What goes into respiration?
Sugar (Glucose)
What comes out of respiration?
ATP (Energy)
What kind of chemical reaction is respiration?
Catabolic
Where does Photosynthesis happen?
Chloroplasts
When does Photosynthesis happen?
When light is present
What goes into photosynthesis?
CO2 and H2O
What comes out of photosynthesis?
Sugar
What is the energy result of photosynthesis?
Stored energy in sugar
What type of chemical reaction is photosynthesis?
Anobolic
