Unit 1 Flashcards
What is the study of biology?
The study of living things
How do you know if something is alive?
1) It uses energy (made of cells)
2) Reproduces (passes DNA on)
What are the levels of biological organization?
1) Atoms
2) Molecules
3) Organelles (Mitochondria, golgi…)
4) Cells (Cardiac cell)
5) Tissue (Heart tissue)
6) Organ (Heart)
7) Organ system (Cardiovascular system)
8) Organism
9) Population (Organisms of SAME species)
10) Community(Different organisms living together)
11) Ecosystem (Living & non-living components)
12) Biomes (Prarie, desert, decidous forest)
13) Biosphere (The earth)
What is a producer?
Organism that uses sunlight of chemicals for energy
What is a consumer?
Organisms that eat producers and other consumers. (Herbivores & carnivores)
What are decomposers?
Organisms that eat dead and decomposing producers and other consumers. (Fungus & bacteria)
What is a prokaryote?
“pre” “nucleus” (No nucleus) (Bacteria)
What is a eukaryote?
“true” “nucleus” (Has a nucleus) (Humans)
What is an autotroph?
“self” “feeder”
What is a heterotroph?
“different” “feeder”
What are the 3 domains?
1) Eubacteria
2) Archaebacteria
3) Eukarya
What are the 6 kingdoms?
1) Archaebacteria (Ancient, prokaryote)
2) Eubacteria (Prokaryote)
3) Protista (1 cell, Eukaryote)
4) Plantae (Multi-cell, autotroph, eukaryote) (Tree)
5) Fungi (Heterotroph, external digestion)
6) Animalia (Heterotroph, internal digestion)
(3-6 fall under the eukarya domain)
What does the acronym King Phil Came Over For Green Shakes mean?
Kingdoms Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
What is a hypothesis?
An educated guess that can be tested
What is a theory?
It is not a fact because it cannot be observed, but has not been found to be untrue
What is a law?
A descriptive generalization about how some aspect of the natural world behaves under stated circumstances
What is evolution?
Change over time
What is a fact?
An observation that has been repeatedly confirmed and cannot be disputed (EX: i am wearing red.)
What is mutation?
A change in an organisms DNA
What is survival of the fittest?
Only the most fit organisms will survive to pass their jeans onto their offspring (Darwinism)
What is artificial selection?
When humans breed organisms for select traits
For natural selection to happen you need….
1) Individuals very in form, function, and behavior
2) Adaptive Environmentally effected traits
* Organisms that do well in certain environments
3) Out come of differences are in survival and “reproduction”
* More fit more likely to survive & have offspring
4) Leads to a better fit with prevailing environmental conditions
* Weak ones die out & strong stay, means organisms better suited for their environment.
What does Kilo- mean?
1,000
What does Deca- mean?
10
What does Deci- mean?
.1 or 1/10
What does Centi- mean?
.01 or 1/100
What does Milli- mean?
.001 or 1/1000
What does Micro- mean?
.000001 or 1/1,000,000
What are the 5 most important rules of graphing?
1) Use a title
2) Label and title units
3) Fill the graph paper
4) Evenly spaced increments
5) Independent variable on x-axis
When do you use a pie graph?
When you show portion of a whole/percentages
When do you use a bar graph?
When you are comparing
When do you use a line graph?
When something is increasing (Time, temp., etc.)
When do you use the light microscope?
For thin transparent specimens 1 cell thick (cells, tissues)
*TAN
When do you use the dissection microscope?
To examine larger organisms and plants
* It has 2 eyeholes * GREY
When do you use the electron microscope?
For observing up to 10,000,000x
*Shoots electrons at organisms
What is parfocal?
The lenses stay in focus even when changed
What is objective?
3 of these on the nosepiece of microscope
What is centrifuge?
It seperates solids and liquids
Name the steps to the scientific method.
1) Identify a problem
2) Collect information about the problem
3) Create a hypothesis
4) Test the hypothesis
5) Make observations
6) Come to a conclusion
7) Revise the hypothesis and retest
What is the 2 types of data that can be collected in experiments?
Quantitative and qualitative
What does Hecto- mean?
100
