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Biology Honors > Unit 3 Biochemistry > Flashcards

Unit 3 Biochemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Atoms

A

Building blocks of all matter

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2
Q

Atomos

A

Unable to be cut

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3
Q

Central Core of an Atom

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

Mass of proton

A

1 amu

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5
Q

AMU

A

Atomic Mass Unit

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6
Q

Protons charge

A

Positive

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7
Q

Neutrons mass

A

1 amu

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8
Q

Neutrons charge

A

No charge/Neutral

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9
Q

2 things in the nucleus

A

Protons & Neutrons

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10
Q

Nucleus’s overall charge

A

Positive

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11
Q

Electrons mass

A

0 amu

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12
Q

Electron charge

A

Negative

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13
Q

Atom overall charge

A

0

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14
Q

What do electrons do

A

Circle Nucleus

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15
Q

Periodic Table

A

Classifies & predicts behavior of elements

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16
Q

Mass number

A

protons & # of neutrons in atom

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17
Q

Atomic Number

A

protons in nucleus

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18
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of an element with a different # of neutrons

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19
Q

Compound

A

Two or more elements combined chemically

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20
Q

Molecule

A

The smallest particle of a compound with independent existence

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21
Q

Ion

A

An atom that has gained or lost an electron

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22
Q

What element is always found it an organic molecule?

A

Carbon

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23
Q

What type of bond holds water molecules together?

A

Hydrogen Bond

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24
Q

Is a hydrogen bond the strongest of weakest?

A

Weakest

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25
Q

What bond is the strongest?

A

Covalent

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26
Q

How many electron can the second shell of an atom hold?

A

8 electrons

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27
Q

What do you call an atom that has gained or lost an electron?

A

Ion

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28
Q

What can insects walk on water?

A

They dont break the hydrogen bond

-Water is polar

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29
Q

If a molecule is polar, what does it mean?

A

The molecule has unequal charges.

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30
Q

What is the lowest number on the pH scale?

A

1

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31
Q

Is a low number an acid, base or nuetral?

A

Acid

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32
Q

Organic molecules are made up by what?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Sulfur

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33
Q

What is the charge of an electron?

A

Negative

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34
Q

What are the three types of bonds?

A

Covalent, Ionic, Hydrogen

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35
Q

How many times can carbon bond to other molecules?

A

4 times

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36
Q

What type of sugar is glucose?

A

Bloodsugar

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37
Q

What type of saccharide is best to eat if you’re going to run a marathon?

A

Polysaccharide

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38
Q

What to MOLECULES make up a lipid?

A

Glycerol and Fatty Acids

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39
Q

What happens in hydrolysis?

A

Water breaks

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40
Q

What kind of fat is worse for you?

A

Saturated

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41
Q

What do carbohydrates store?

A

Energy

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42
Q

What is the atomic number of oxygen?

A

8

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43
Q

What do amino acids joined together make?

A

Proteins

44
Q

What type of bond holds together amino acids?

A

Peptide Bonds

45
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

Speed up chemical reactions

46
Q

What are the 2 types of nucleic acids?

A
  • DNA

- RNA

47
Q

What monomers make up nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

48
Q

What are the 4 types of organic molecules?

A

1) Carbohydrates
2) Lipid
3) Protein
4) Nucleic Acid

49
Q

What are some examples of carbohydrates?

A
  • Glucose
  • Glactose
  • Lactose
  • Starch
  • Sugars
50
Q

Examples of Lipids?

A
  • Fats
  • Oils
  • Waxes
51
Q

Example of Protein?

A

-Muscle

52
Q

Example of Nucleic Acid?

A

-Genetic Material

53
Q

How are ions created?

A

When an atom gains or looses an electron

54
Q

What is a physical property of matter?

A

Property that doesnt change

  • Observed w/ senses
  • Shape *Size *Texture *Color
55
Q

What are chemical properties of matter?

A

Property that undergoes a change

56
Q

3 States of Matter

A

1) Solid
2) Liquid
3) Gas

57
Q

Physical Properties List (4)

A

1) Texture
2) Color
3) Density
4) Pressure

58
Q

Chemical Properties List (4)

A

1) Reactivity w/ air
2) Reactivity w/ an acid or base
3) Flamability
4) Reactivity to other element

59
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A protein that speeds up a chemical reaction

60
Q

Examples of an enzyme.

A

-Amalayse (Saliva)

61
Q

Substance that dissolves others…

A

Solvent

62
Q

Substance that is dissolveed…

A

Solute

63
Q

Is water and excellent solvent?

A

Yes-due to polarity

64
Q

What are suspensions?

A

They look cloudy
-Particles are larger than molecules
*Will settle out
ex/: Muddy Water

65
Q

What are colloids?

A

Smaller than suspensions, but larger than solute
-Molecules form a matrix
ex/: milk, jello, foam, marshmellows

66
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

It measures relative concentration of hydrogen ions.

67
Q

Molecules of life are called…

A

Organic molecules

68
Q

Organsims consist mostly of…(6)

A

1) Carbon
2) Hydrogen
3) Oxygen
4) Nitrogen
5) Phosphorous
6) Sulfur

69
Q

What structures can carbon form?

A
  • Chains
  • Rings
  • Corners
70
Q

A chain of carbon and hydrogen is called a…..

A

Backbone

71
Q

4 carbon based groups

A

1) Hydroxyl
2) Carboxyl
3) Amino
4) Phosphate

72
Q

Are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and Nucleic Acids macromolecules?

A

Yes

73
Q

What elements do carbohydrates contain?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

74
Q

Monomers that make up carbohydrates are called…

A

Monosaccharides

75
Q

What are carbohydrates used in living things for?

A

Energy and Structure

76
Q

What structure do Glucose and Fructose usually form?

A

A ring structure

-Especially in water

77
Q

What are glucose and fructose considered, because they have the same number of atoms but different arrangements?

A

Isomers

78
Q

2 monosaccharides are called…

A

Disaccharide

79
Q

The largest carbohydrates are called…

A

Polysaccharides

80
Q

What enzyme does hydrolysis? (Breaks down complex molecules)

A

Amaylase

81
Q

What does iodine detect?

A

If something is a polysaccharide. (Turns Black)

82
Q

What does Benedicts Solution detect?

A

If something is a monosaccharide. (Turns Orange)

83
Q

What elements do lipids mostly contain?

A

Carbon & Hydrogen

84
Q

What are lipids used for?

A

Storing energy

85
Q

What is the basic structure of a lipid?

A

1 Glycerol & 3 Fatty Acids

86
Q

Is a saturated fat packed with hydrogen?

A

Yes

87
Q

Are all lipids insoluble in water?

A

Yes

88
Q

What are proteins made of?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and NITROGEN

89
Q

Basic monomers of proteins are…

A

Amino Acids

90
Q

What are amino acids used for?

A

Basic building materials in living things

91
Q

Amino Acid Groups (4)

A

1) COOH
2) NH2
3) H
4) R Group

92
Q

How many different amino acids are there?

A

20

93
Q

Through a series of _____?_____ reactions, amino acids are joined in a chain to form a protein.

A

Condensation

94
Q

What bond holds together amino acids in proteins?

A

Peptide

95
Q

What type of bond is a peptide bond?

A

Covalent

96
Q

Group of 2 amino acids.

A

Dipeptide

97
Q

Group of 3 or more amino acids.

A

Polypeptide

98
Q

Amino acids are used for…

A
  • Structure
  • Transport
  • Communications
  • Catalysts
  • Controlling cell growth
99
Q

What is denaturation?

A

The breakdown of proteins

100
Q

2 types of proteins

A

1) Fibrous (Hair, Muscle, Skin)

2) Globular (Hemoglobin)

101
Q

What can you use to test for proteins?

A

Biurets/Nitric Acid

102
Q

2 kinds of Nucleic Acids.

A

1) DNA- deoxyribo nucleic acid

2) RNA- ribo nucleic acid

103
Q

What is DNA used for?

A

Making proteins inside of nucleus

104
Q

What is RNA used for?

A

Making proteins outside of nucleus

105
Q

What are both DNA and RNA made of?

A

Nucleotides

106
Q

What kind of bond is between the nucleotides?

A

Hydrogen Bond

Biology Honors (9 decks)

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