Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Honors > Unit 2 Ecology > Flashcards

Unit 2 Ecology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Ecology?

A
  • Organisms relationships with each other

- Orgamisms interaction with the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Biosphere

A

The portion of the Earth that supports life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Biotic factors

A

-Living factors in an organisms environment

ex/: orgamisms, food, competitors, and predators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Abiotic factors

A

non living factors in an organisms environment

ex/: temp.,air, sunlight, soil, rain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Organism

A

Living creature/plant/bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Population

A

Individual organisms of a SINGLE species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Biological Community

A

A group of interacting populations (Including bacteria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ecosystem

A

A biological community and all abiot factors that affect it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Biome

A

A large group of ecosystems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Habitat

A

An area where an organism lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nich

A

An organisms role or position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Competition

A

2 or more organisms competeing for the same rescource

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Predetation

A

1 organism consuming another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Symbiosis

A

When 2 or more organisms live together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Commenalism

A

One benefits, one is neutral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mutualism

A

Both organisms benefit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Parasitism

A

One helped, one is harmed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Autotroph

A

Capture energy, making it avialible for all members of the food web (Collect energy from the sun)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Heterotroph

A

Get energy by consuming other organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Herbivore

A

Plant eater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Carnivore

A

Meat eater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Omnivore

A

Meat & Plant eater (Humans, Bears)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Detritivore

A

Dead stuff eaters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Trophic Levels

A

A step in the food chain/web

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Food chain

A

A simple model showing how energy is transfered through an ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Food Web

A

Shows many interconnected food chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Ecological Pyramids

A

Shows the reletive amounts of energy, biomass, or numbers of organisms at each trophic level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What percentage of energy is wasted at each step in food chain/web?

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What percentage of energy is given to the organism that eats another?

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Biomass

A

The total mass of tliving matter at each trophic level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is at the bottom of the ecological/energy pyramid?

A

Primary Producers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is at the top of the ecological/energy pyramid?

A

Tercirary Consumers (3-Consumers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Nutrient

A

A chemical substance and organism needs to live

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Cycles

A

Essential nutrients are cycled through the ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Biogeochemical

A

A cycle involving life, the earth, and chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Watershed

A

Water collected underground (Groundwater)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Precipitation

A

Water falling from clouds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Transpiration

A

Water coming out of plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Where does phosphorus come from?

A

Waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

8 steps to Eutrophication

A

1) Excess phospherous
2) Alge eats waste
3) Algal bloom
4) No sunlight below
5) Plants die
6) Bacteria eat plants
7) Uses up oxygen
8) Fish die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Long term phosphorous cycle leads to…

A

Phosphorus eroded from rocks

42
Q

What is the main cause of eutrophication?

A

Fertilizers

43
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Plants use carbon dioxide & water to make carbohydrates and oxygen
(CO2+H2O=C6H12O6+O2)

44
Q

Respiration

A
  • Opposite of photosythesis

- Heterotrophs eaat glucose and breathe oxygen. They release carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

45
Q

Combustion

A

Burning carbon fuels, releasing CO and CO2

46
Q

Fossil Fuels

A

Peat, coal, oil, and gas that iss created when organic material is burned

47
Q

Nitrogen Fixation

A
  • Capturing & turning it into a plant-usable form
  • Happens in roots of plants
  • Bacteria does this
48
Q

Nitrification

A

Ammonia->Nitrites->Nitrates<3 (which are usable)

49
Q

Ammonification

A

Organisms die and decomposers turn them into ammonia

50
Q

Denitrification

A

The reverse of nitrogen fixation

-Nitrogen leaving soil into air

51
Q

Decomposition & Urination

A

Nitrogen goes into the soil & is fixed by nitrogen fixing bacteria

52
Q

Community

A

A group of interacting populations that occupy the same area at the same time

53
Q

Community ecology

A

All living organisms are limited by factors in the environment

54
Q

Limiting Factors

A

Any abiotic of biotic factor that restrict the # of organisms

55
Q

Range of Tolerance

A

The range between the upper and lower limit of abiotic and biotic factors in which and organism can survive

56
Q

Ecological Succession

A

When one community replaces another as a result of changing abiotic and biotic factors

57
Q

Primary Succession

A

The establishment of a new community on exposed rock (lava)

  • very rare
  • Lichens and mosses(First plants to grow on rock)
58
Q

Secondary Succession

A

The establishment of a community after a commnity has been removed but the soil is still in tact
-Fires, floods, windstorms

59
Q

Climax communites

A

Occurs when there is no longer change

60
Q

POPULATION GROWTH IS A CRITICAL FACTOR

A

.

61
Q

Population Density

A

Number of organisms in an area

62
Q

Population Distribution

A

How do they disperse themselves

63
Q

Uniform

A

Even spacing

64
Q

Clumped Groups

A

Heards

65
Q

Random

A

More random

-Plants

66
Q

What 4 things go into determining population size?

A

1) Immigration
2) Emmigration
3) Mortality
4) Natality

67
Q

What is the equation to find the total population?

A

Population + (Birth-Death) + (Immigration-Emigration) = Total Population

68
Q

Exponential growth

A

Growth increaces exponentially/rapidly

69
Q

What is a type of graph that shows exponential growth?

A

The J Curve graph

70
Q

Doubling time

A

The amount of time it takes for a population to double

-Short amnt. of time

71
Q

What are 4 limiting factors that are density dependent?

A
  1. Disease-(Spreads faster in high density pop. areas)
  2. Competition-(Whe resources become limited)
  3. Parasites-(The more dense the population, the more these will spread)
  4. Population Growth
72
Q

What graph shows when a population hits its carrying capacity?

A

S curve

73
Q

Density Dependent Control

A

Depends on population of and area

74
Q

Density Independent Factors

A

Does not depent on population

75
Q

What type are r-stratigists?

A

Type 3

76
Q

What type are k-stratigists?

A

Type 1

77
Q

What are some examples of r-sratigists (type 3) ?

A

Seaturtles, spiders

78
Q

What are some examples of k-stratigists (type 1) ?

A

Humans, elephants

79
Q

Type 1

A
  • Few offspring
  • High parental care
  • Low mortality rates in infancy
80
Q

Type 2

A

-Medium care
-Medium # of offspring
-Constant death rate
(Song birds)

81
Q

Type 3

A

-High # of offspring
-High mortality rate in infancy
(Seaturtles, insects)

82
Q

Demography

A

The study of human pop. size, density, distribution, movement, and birth & death rates

83
Q

Human Population Growth

A

Human pop. growth changes over time

84
Q

What are 3 trends in human population

A

1) Zero population growth-(Population leveling off)
2) Age structure (*Pre-Reproductive
* Reproductive
* Post-Reproductive)
3) Human carying capacity-(Where # of resources are maxed out)

85
Q

Why did the human population become so big?

A

1) Food Production
2) Medicine
3) Industry

86
Q

Examples of Density Dependent Factors

A
  • Food
  • Disease
  • Water
  • Space
87
Q

Examples of Density Independent Factors

A
  • Meteor
  • Nuclear
  • Sun
  • Nat. Disasters
88
Q

Biodiversity

A

The variety of life in an area (# of species)

89
Q

Extinction

A

When a species is completely gone

90
Q

Genetic diversity

A

The varienty of genes or inheritable characteristics

91
Q

How are organisms organized from organism to biosphere? (9)

A 
1-Cells
2-Tissues
3-Organs
4-Organ systems
5-Organism
6-Populations
7-Communities
8-Ecosystems/Biomes
9-Biosphere
92
Q

What is a habitat and a niche for a grasshopper?

A

Habitat: Tall Grass
Niche: Food sources for other animals

93
Q

What are the 3 types of symbiotic relationships?

A

1) Mutalism- (+,+)
2) Commenalism- (+,o)
3) Parasitism- (+, -)

94
Q

What is a competitor for a squirrel?

A

A chipmunk

95
Q

What is a predator for a squirrel?

A

An Eagle

96
Q

What are the different levels of the food chain?

A

Trophic Levels

97
Q

Draw and energy pyramid

A

Ter.Consumers
Seco. Consumers
Primary Consumers
PRIMARY PRODUCERS

98
Q

What does biomass have to do with the energy pyramid?

A

Biomass is the total mass at each step/trophic level on the energy pyramid

99
Q

What is a biogeochemical cycle?

A

A cycle involving life, the earth, & chemicals

100
Q

What are the 6 steps of the water cycle?

A

1) Evaporation
2) Condensation
3) Precipitation
4) Runoff
5) Groundwater
6) Transpiration

101
Q

What are the 4 steps in the carbon/oxygen cycle?

A

1) Photosynthesis
2) Respiration
3) Combustion
4) Fossil Fuels

Biology Honors (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions