Unit 4 Cell Biology Flashcards
Who was the first to describe and name cells?
Robert Hooke
What is The Cell Theory? (3)
1) All living things are made out of cells
2) Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in an organism
3) All cells come from pre-existing cells
Describe a Compound Light Microscope.
- Uses 2+ lenses
- Maximum 1000X
Describe an Electron Microscope
- Electrons shot at sample & create an image
- Maximum 100,000X
What is the cell size range?
1 micrometer to 100mm
What is the largest cell?
Ostrich Egg
Why are cells so small?
So they can get materials from the outside to the inside fastest
What are the 3 main parts to the cell?
1) Nucleus
2) Cell Membrane
3) Cytoplasm
Why is every cell like a microscopic factory?
Every part of the cell plays a role/has a job
What are the 2 types of cells?
1) Prokaryotes
2) Eukaryotes
Do prokaryotes have a nucleus?
No
What is an example of a prokaryote?
Bacteria
What is an example of an eukaryote?
Everything besides bacteria
What is the outer boundry of the cell composed of?
Lipids and Proteins
What is the purpose of the cell membrane?
To regulate what enters and leaves the cell
What do plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria have?
Cell Wall
What protein is between the cell walls in plants?
Middle Lamella
What kind of glue does the Middle Lamella have?
Pectin
What is a phospolipid?
2 tailed lipid used to create the cell membrane
What are the 2 types of membrane proteins?
1) Channel Protein
2) Surface Protein
What is the Channel Proteins purpose?
The doorway through the cell membrane
What is the Surface Proteins purpose?
Identifies the cell, and/or bring info into the cell
What is the constant motion of the cytoplasm called?
Cytoplasmic Streaming
What are the 2 uses of the Nucleus?
1) Contains genetic material (DNA)
2) Controls Cell Activity
What type of hereditary material does the nucleus contain?
Chromosomes
What are unwound chromosomes called?
Chromatin
What is the membrane surrounding the nucleus called?
Nuclear Membrane
Where is the nucleolus?
Center of the Nucleus
What are ribosomes used for?
Making proteins
What are the series of channels in the cell called?
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum used for?
Transport
What are the 2 types of ER’s?
1) Smooth ER
2) Rough ER
Which type of ER has ribosomes?
Rough ER
What are golgi bodies?
Stacks of tubes with membranous sacs at the ends
What are golgi bodies used for?
Storing & Packaging chemicals
What do the mitochondria do?
Make energy
What 2 membranes are the mitochondria composed of?
1) Outer
2) Inner (Has many folds-more surface are to make energy)
What parent do you get your mitochondria from?
Your mom
Where are the mitochondria most common?
Your heart
Some plastids contain _________ others contain ___________.
Food; Pigments
What are the 3 main kinds of plastids?
1) Leucoplast
2) Chromoplast
3) Chloroplast
What do leucoplasts do?
Hold starch
What do chromoplasts do?
Hold color
What do chloroplasts do?
Hold chlorophyll
Which kind of plastid contains DNA?
Chloroplast
What are the vacuoles for?
Storage of materials
Why do plants have one large water-filled vacuole?
For water & food
Where are lysosomes formed?
The golgi
What does lyso mean?
To break
What do lysosomes contain?
Digestive enzymes
What are lysosomes especially used by?
The immune system
What are cells made more rigid by?
Microtubules
Microtubules that appear during cell division are called…
Spindle Fibers
Small, dark bodies outside the nucleus in pairs and are used in cell division are called….
Centrioles
Hairlike projections that stick out from the cell surface are ________ and _______.
Cilia and Flagella
What are Cilia an Flagella used for?
Movement and Attachment
