Unit 4 Cell Biology

Question 1

Who was the first to describe and name cells?

Answer 1

Robert Hooke

Question 2

What is The Cell Theory? (3)

Answer 2

1) All living things are made out of cells
2) Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in an organism
3) All cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 3

Describe a Compound Light Microscope.

Answer 3

• Uses 2+ lenses

- Maximum 1000X

Question 4

Describe an Electron Microscope

Answer 4

• Electrons shot at sample & create an image

- Maximum 100,000X

Question 5

What is the cell size range?

Answer 5

1 micrometer to 100mm

Question 6

What is the largest cell?

Answer 6

Ostrich Egg

Question 7

Why are cells so small?

Answer 7

So they can get materials from the outside to the inside fastest

Question 8

What are the 3 main parts to the cell?

Answer 8

1) Nucleus
2) Cell Membrane
3) Cytoplasm

Question 9

Why is every cell like a microscopic factory?

Answer 9

Every part of the cell plays a role/has a job

Question 10

What are the 2 types of cells?

Answer 10

1) Prokaryotes

2) Eukaryotes

Question 11

Do prokaryotes have a nucleus?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

What is an example of a prokaryote?

Answer 12

Bacteria

Question 13

What is an example of an eukaryote?

Answer 13

Everything besides bacteria

Question 14

What is the outer boundry of the cell composed of?

Answer 14

Lipids and Proteins

Question 15

What is the purpose of the cell membrane?

Answer 15

To regulate what enters and leaves the cell

Question 16

What do plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria have?

Answer 16

Cell Wall

Question 17

What protein is between the cell walls in plants?

Answer 17

Middle Lamella

Question 18

What kind of glue does the Middle Lamella have?

Answer 18

Pectin

Question 19

What is a phospolipid?

Answer 19

2 tailed lipid used to create the cell membrane

Question 20

What are the 2 types of membrane proteins?

Answer 20

1) Channel Protein

2) Surface Protein

Question 21

What is the Channel Proteins purpose?

Answer 21

The doorway through the cell membrane

Question 22

What is the Surface Proteins purpose?

Answer 22

Identifies the cell, and/or bring info into the cell

Question 23

What is the constant motion of the cytoplasm called?

Answer 23

Cytoplasmic Streaming

Question 24

What are the 2 uses of the Nucleus?

Answer 24

1) Contains genetic material (DNA)

2) Controls Cell Activity

Question 25

What type of hereditary material does the nucleus contain?

Answer 25

Chromosomes

Question 26

What are unwound chromosomes called?

Answer 26

Chromatin

Question 27

What is the membrane surrounding the nucleus called?

Answer 27

Nuclear Membrane

Question 28

Where is the nucleolus?

Answer 28

Center of the Nucleus

Question 29

What are ribosomes used for?

Answer 29

Making proteins

Question 30

What are the series of channels in the cell called?

Answer 30

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Question 31

What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum used for?

Answer 31

Transport

Question 32

What are the 2 types of ER's?

Answer 32

1) Smooth ER | 2) Rough ER

Question 33

Which type of ER has ribosomes?

Answer 33

Rough ER

Question 34

What are golgi bodies?

Answer 34

Stacks of tubes with membranous sacs at the ends

Question 35

What are golgi bodies used for?

Answer 35

Storing & Packaging chemicals

Question 36

What do the mitochondria do?

Answer 36

Make energy

Question 37

What 2 membranes are the mitochondria composed of?

Answer 37

1) Outer | 2) Inner (Has many folds-more surface are to make energy)

Question 38

What parent do you get your mitochondria from?

Answer 38

Your mom

Question 39

Where are the mitochondria most common?

Answer 39

Your heart

Question 40

Some plastids contain _________ others contain ___________.

Answer 40

Food; Pigments

Question 41

What are the 3 main kinds of plastids?

Answer 41

1) Leucoplast 2) Chromoplast 3) Chloroplast

Question 42

What do leucoplasts do?

Answer 42

Hold starch

Question 43

What do chromoplasts do?

Answer 43

Hold color

Question 44

What do chloroplasts do?

Answer 44

Hold chlorophyll

Question 45

Which kind of plastid contains DNA?

Answer 45

Chloroplast

Question 46

What are the vacuoles for?

Answer 46

Storage of materials

Question 47

Why do plants have one large water-filled vacuole?

Answer 47

For water & food

Question 48

Where are lysosomes formed?

Answer 48

The golgi

Question 49

What does lyso mean?

Answer 49

To break

Question 50

What do lysosomes contain?

Answer 50

Digestive enzymes

Question 51

What are lysosomes especially used by?

Answer 51

The immune system

Question 52

What are cells made more rigid by?

Answer 52

Microtubules

Question 53

Microtubules that appear during cell division are called...

Answer 53

Spindle Fibers

Question 54

Small, dark bodies outside the nucleus in pairs and are used in cell division are called....

Answer 54

Centrioles

Question 55

Hairlike projections that stick out from the cell surface are ________ and _______.

Answer 55

Cilia and Flagella

Question 56

What are Cilia an Flagella used for?

Answer 56

Movement and Attachment