UNIT 4: Body Comp and Diabetes Flashcards
What is Metabolic Syndrome?
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. It is diagnosed when an individual has at least three of the following five conditions:
What conditions are related to Metabolic Syndrome?
- Visceral fat (abdominal obesity)*
- Impaired fasting glucose (High blood sugar lvl)
- Reduced HDL cholesterol
- Increased BP
- High Triglycerides
An individual with MetS will for sure have:
Central Obesity
- > 94 cm for men
- >80 cm for women
What TG Level would be an indicator of MetS?
> 150mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L)
What HDL Level would be an indicator of MetS?
< 40mg/dL (1.1mmol/L) for men
< 50mg/dL (1.3mmol/L) for women
What BP Level would be an indicator of MetS?
SBP>130
DBP>85
What raised fasting plasma glucose Level would be an indicator of MetS?
FPG> 100mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L)
What is the Treatment for Metabolic Syndrome?
What is BMI?
Waist Circumference Classifications
High BMI correlates to which diseases?
*Disease risk for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease
What BMI is considered obese?
over 30
What is Body composition?
The body’s relative amounts of mass and fat free mass (bone, water, muscle, connective tissue, organs and teeth)
What is Essential Fat?
Essential fat = crucial for normal functioning.
For men= 3-5% of total weight.
For women = 8-12% of total weight
What is Non-Essential Fat
adipose tissue
What is the Ideal body fat composition?
What are ways to measure Body Comp?
- Caliper/skinfold measurements
- Underwater weighing
- The Bod Pod
- Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)
- The DEXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) *
Disease risk increases with total waist measurement of more than what?
> 102 cm for men (40”)
88 cm for women (35”)
What is Glucose allostasis?
Less insulin produced by B cells in pancreas
What is Type 1 diabetes ?
the pancreas produces little or no insulin (autoimmune disease) – genetic or viral, more common in men than women
What is Type 2 diabetes?
the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin, cells are resistant to insulin, or both
What is Gestational diabetes?
develops in 2–5% of pregnant women
What is Pre-diabetes?
elevated blood glucose levels
What is Diabetes mellitus?
= disruption of normal glucose metabolism
What are The normal levels for fasting blood glucose?
70-100 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter)
3.9-5.6 mmol/L (millimoles per liter)
What fasting blood glucose level is associate with Pre-Diabetes?
110-125 mg/dL
What fasting blood glucose level is associate with Diabetes?
over 126 mg/dL
Diabetes:
Symptoms
What is the FITT for T1D?
F - Daily
I - 60-90% max HR or 50-85% VO2max
T - 20-60 min + 10 min warmup/cooldown 10-15 reps
T - Aerobic and Strength
Benefits of Excersize for T2 Diabetes:
What is the FITT for T2D?
F - 3-5 times/week, Daily if taking insulin
I - 60-90% max HR or 50-85% VO2max
T - 20-60 min + 10 min warmup/cooldown 10-15 reps
T - Aerobic and Strength
What is the FITT for diabetics: resistance
training?
F: min 2x/week (optimal 3-4 when trained)
I: light to moderate (60%-75% 1RM)
T: 6–10 exercises, 10–15 reps, 2-3 sets w/ rest
T: major muscle groups, lower body and core for balance
