UNIT 3: Chronic Disease & Prevention 2 Flashcards
What is considered Pre-Hypertension?
120/80mmHg or higher, but below
140/90, it is called pre-hypertension
What is considered Hypertension?
hypertension 140/90
What causes Hypertension?
Caused by an increased output of blood by the heart or increased resistance to blood flow in the arteries
What is the White-Coat Affect?
patients have an increase in blood pressure from nervousness after seeing a doctor. this coukld lead to overestimate of individuals with high BP
How can one control BP?
- Maintain healthy body weight
- Engage in regular physical activity (vasodilation)
- Drink alcohol only in moderation (<2 glasses/day)
- ## Eat a healthy diet
What diet changes cant help control BP?
Increase intake of fruits & vegetables (5-9/day), and whole
grains (potassium and fibre (30-38 men, 25g women/day) are
important)
Limit salt intake to recommended levels (adequate = 1500
mg/day; limit = 2300 mg/day) in order to decrease water
retention
What is FITT?
Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type
What is the FITT reccomendation for Hypertensive Individuals?Aerobic, large muscle activity (jogging, walking, cycling)
F - 3-7 days/week
I - 40-70% VO2R
T - 30-60 min
T - Aerobic
What is the FITT reccomendation for Hypertensive Individuals?
Resistance Training.
F - 2-3 days
I - 40-60% 1RM
T - 1 set of 10-15 reps
T - Resistance
What is Aerteriosclerosis?
siffening or hardening of artery walls
What is Atherosclerosis?
What can cause it?
narrowing of artery due to plaque build up
- Low HDL
- High LDL
- High TG
- Inactivity
What is Coronary Heart Disease?
heart disease caused due to atherosclerosis by hardening of the arteries that supply oxygen to the heart muscle?
What is a Heart attack?
(aka myocardial infraction)
damage to, or death of, heart muscle, sometimes resulting in failure of the heart to deliver enough blood to the body
What is Angina pectoris?
chest pain that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough blood (severe anxiety attacks)
What is an Arrhythmia?
irregularity in the force or rhythm of the heartbeat
What is a Stroke?
an impeded blood supply to some part of the brain results in the destruction of brain cells; a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
What is an Ischemic stroke?
caused by blood clot
What is a Hemorrhagic stroke?
caused by ruptured blood vessel
What is Congestive/Chronic Heart Failure?
What can cause it?
Condition resulting from the heart’s inability to pump out all the blood that returns to it
Blood backs up in the veins leading to the heart, causing an accumulation of fluid in the body (lungs, liver, arms, legs)
Caused by high BP, heart attack, atherosclerosis, birth
defects, rheumatic fever (valves)
What is the DASH eating plan?
consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-dairy fat products w/ reduced content of saturated and total fat.
What diet choices protect against CVD?
Eat heart-healthy
– Decrease fat and cholesterol intake (Especially limit saturated and trans fats)
– Increase fibre intake
– Alcohol intake—moderate, if at all
– DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)
What causes cancer?
cells dividing too quickly
What is an Oncogene?
gene involved in the transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell. It is a mutated proto- oncogene
What are Cancer promoters?
compounds that accelerate cell growth
carcinogens
What risk factors can cause cancer?
- Cigarette smoking (and vaping)
- Diet high in fat
- High alcohol consumption
- High protein intake (animal-based)
How does smoking cigarattes increase cancer risk?
they include carcinogens and nicotine
How does eating animal based protein increase cancer risk?
high in saturated fat and cholesterol
How does High alcohol consumption increase cancer risk?
Liver damage so liver cant detoxify things like carcinogens
What is Metastasis?
spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another
– Blood vessels
– Lymphatic system
What are the stages of Cancer?
Stage 0 - Tumour development
Stage I - Localised
Stage II - Early Localised Advanced
Stage III - Late Localised Advanced
Stage IV - Metastasized
What is Hyperplasia?
above normal cell division
What is Dysplasia?
abnormal cell shape
What is in situ cancer?
Local, In place primary tumour
physical activity helps prevent 8 types of cancer
What are they?
bladder, breast, colon, endometrium,
esophagus, kidney, stomach and lung.
FITT guidliene for cancer patient
Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise at least 3 times per
week, for at least 30 minutes
Resistance Training:
F - 2 times/week
I - 60% 1 RM
T - 6-10 excersizes, 2 sets, 8-15 reps
