UNIT 3: Chronic Disease & Prevention 2

Question 1

What is considered Pre-Hypertension?

Answer 1

120/80mmHg or higher, but below
140/90, it is called pre-hypertension

Question 2

What is considered Hypertension?

Answer 2

hypertension 140/90

Question 3

What causes Hypertension?

Answer 3

Caused by an increased output of blood by the heart or increased resistance to blood flow in the arteries

Question 4

What is the White-Coat Affect?

Answer 4

patients have an increase in blood pressure from nervousness after seeing a doctor. this coukld lead to overestimate of individuals with high BP

Question 5

How can one control BP?

Answer 5

• Maintain healthy body weight
• Engage in regular physical activity (vasodilation)
• Drink alcohol only in moderation (<2 glasses/day)
• ## Eat a healthy diet

Question 6

What diet changes cant help control BP?

Answer 6

Increase intake of fruits & vegetables (5-9/day), and whole
grains (potassium and fibre (30-38 men, 25g women/day) are
important)

Limit salt intake to recommended levels (adequate = 1500
mg/day; limit = 2300 mg/day) in order to decrease water
retention

Question 7

What is FITT?

Answer 7

Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type

Question 8

What is the FITT reccomendation for Hypertensive Individuals?Aerobic, large muscle activity (jogging, walking, cycling)

Answer 8

F - 3-7 days/week
I - 40-70% VO2R
T - 30-60 min
T - Aerobic

Question 9

What is the FITT reccomendation for Hypertensive Individuals?
Resistance Training.

Answer 9

F - 2-3 days
I - 40-60% 1RM
T - 1 set of 10-15 reps
T - Resistance

Question 10

What is Aerteriosclerosis?

Answer 10

siffening or hardening of artery walls

Question 11

What is Atherosclerosis?
What can cause it?

Answer 11

narrowing of artery due to plaque build up

• Low HDL
• High LDL
• High TG
• Inactivity

Question 12

What is Coronary Heart Disease?

Answer 12

heart disease caused due to atherosclerosis by hardening of the arteries that supply oxygen to the heart muscle?

Question 13

What is a Heart attack?
(aka myocardial infraction)

Answer 13

damage to, or death of, heart muscle, sometimes resulting in failure of the heart to deliver enough blood to the body

Question 14

What is Angina pectoris?

Answer 14

chest pain that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough blood (severe anxiety attacks)

Question 15

What is an Arrhythmia?

Answer 15

irregularity in the force or rhythm of the heartbeat

Question 16

What is a Stroke?

Answer 16

an impeded blood supply to some part of the brain results in the destruction of brain cells; a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Question 17

What is an Ischemic stroke?

Answer 17

caused by blood clot

Question 18

What is a Hemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 18

caused by ruptured blood vessel

Question 19

What is Congestive/Chronic Heart Failure?
What can cause it?

Answer 19

Condition resulting from the heart’s inability to pump out all the blood that returns to it

Blood backs up in the veins leading to the heart, causing an accumulation of fluid in the body (lungs, liver, arms, legs)

Caused by high BP, heart attack, atherosclerosis, birth
defects, rheumatic fever (valves)

Question 20

What is the DASH eating plan?

Answer 20

consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-dairy fat products w/ reduced content of saturated and total fat.

Question 21

What diet choices protect against CVD?

Answer 21

Eat heart-healthy
– Decrease fat and cholesterol intake (Especially limit saturated and trans fats)
– Increase fibre intake
– Alcohol intake—moderate, if at all
– DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)

Question 22

What causes cancer?

Answer 22

cells dividing too quickly

Question 23

What is an Oncogene?

Answer 23

gene involved in the transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell. It is a mutated proto- oncogene

Question 24

What are Cancer promoters?

Answer 24

compounds that accelerate cell growth
carcinogens

Question 25

What risk factors can cause cancer?

Answer 25

• Cigarette smoking (and vaping)
• Diet high in fat
• High alcohol consumption
• High protein intake (animal-based)

Question 26

How does smoking cigarattes increase cancer risk?

Answer 26

they include carcinogens and nicotine

Question 27

How does eating animal based protein increase cancer risk?

Answer 27

high in saturated fat and cholesterol

Question 28

How does High alcohol consumption increase cancer risk?

Answer 28

Liver damage so liver cant detoxify things like carcinogens

Question 29

What is Metastasis?

Answer 29

spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another
– Blood vessels
– Lymphatic system

Question 30

What are the stages of Cancer?

Answer 30

Stage 0 - Tumour development
Stage I - Localised
Stage II - Early Localised Advanced
Stage III - Late Localised Advanced
Stage IV - Metastasized

Question 31

What is Hyperplasia?

Answer 31

above normal cell division

Question 32

What is Dysplasia?

Answer 32

abnormal cell shape

Question 33

What is in situ cancer?

Answer 33

Local, In place primary tumour

Question 34

physical activity helps prevent 8 types of cancer
What are they?

Answer 34

bladder, breast, colon, endometrium,
esophagus, kidney, stomach and lung.

Question 35

FITT guidliene for cancer patient

Answer 35

Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise at least 3 times per
week, for at least 30 minutes

Resistance Training:
F - 2 times/week
I - 60% 1 RM
T - 6-10 excersizes, 2 sets, 8-15 reps