UNIT 4 bio review guide Flashcards
Q: What makes a molecule organic?
A: It contains both carbon (C) and hydrogen (H).
Q: What makes a molecule inorganic?
A: It lacks either carbon (C) or hydrogen (H).
Q: Is oil organic or inorganic?
A: Organic.
Q: Is water organic or inorganic?
A: Inorganic.
Q: Is sugar organic or inorganic?
A: Organic.
Q: Is carbon dioxide organic or inorganic?
A: Inorganic.
Q: Is protein organic or inorganic?
A: Organic.
Q: Is DNA organic or inorganic?
A: Organic.
Q: Are salts organic or inorganic?
A: Inorganic.
Q: Are living organisms composed of organic, inorganic substances, or both?
A: Both. They are made of water (inorganic) and organic molecules like proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates.
Q: What is dehydration synthesis?
A: The joining of two or more monomers through the release of water.
Q: What is an example of dehydration synthesis?
A: Glucose + Glucose → Starch + H₂O.
Q: What is hydrolysis?
A: The splitting of a polymer with the addition of water.
Q: What is an example of hydrolysis?
A: Starch + H₂O → Glucose + Glucose.
Q: What are the four major classes of biomolecules?
A: Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Q: Are biomolecules organic or inorganic?
A: Organic.
Q: What elements are found in proteins?
A: Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N).
Q: What elements are found in carbohydrates?
A: Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O).
Q: What elements are found in lipids?
A: Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O).
Q: What elements are found in nucleic acids?
A: Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P).
Q: What are the building blocks of lipids?
A: Glycerol and fatty acids.
Q: What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
A: Monosaccharides (simple sugars, like glucose).
Q: What are the building blocks of proteins?
A: Amino acids.
Q: What is the function of carbohydrates?
A: Quick energy and structural support.
Q: What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
A: Nucleotides (phosphate, nitrogen base, and sugar).
Q: What are the functions of lipids?
A: Long-term energy, cell membrane structure, and insulation.
Q: What is the function of nucleic acids?
A: Store genetic information and assist in protein synthesis.
Q: What is the function of enzymes?
A: Speed up chemical reactions.
Q: What is the function of antibodies?
A: Fight diseases and viruses.
Q: What is the function of hormones?
A: Help in growth and development as chemical messengers.
Q: Describe the shape of carbohydrates.
A: Hexagonal, ring shape.
Q: Describe the shape of lipids.
A: “E” shape.
Q: What are the two types of fats?
A: Saturated fats (bad fats) and unsaturated fats (good fats).
Q: What is the keyword for sugar?
A: Glucose.
Q: What is the structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
A: Saturated fats have single bonds and are solid at room temperature; unsaturated fats have double bonds and are liquid at room temperature.
Q: Why are proteins specific?
A: The shape of a protein determines its function.
Q: What is the lock-and-key model?
A: The substrate fits perfectly into the enzyme’s active site.
Q: What is the induced fit model?
A: The substrate and enzyme change slightly to facilitate the reaction.
Q: What happens during denaturation?
A: The enzyme changes shape and stops working due to changes in temperature or pH.
Q: What is pH?
A: A measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.
Q: What is the pH range for acids and bases?
A: Acids: 0–6; Bases: 8–14.
Q: What does a nucleotide look like?
A: It consists of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base (A, T, G, C, or U).
Q: What are the differences between DNA and RNA nucleotides?
A: DNA has A, T, G, C; RNA has A, U, G, C.
