UNIT 1 bio review Flashcards
Flashcard 1: Q: What should you do in the lab?
Never point a stoppered test tube at your or someone else’s face.
Do not smell chemicals directly.
Always wear goggles or glasses.
Walk slowly in the lab.
When heating a test tube, do not aim the opening at your face or a partner’s face.
Tie back your hair and remove jewelry.
Wear gloves if necessary.
Do not eat or drink anything in class.
Flashcard 2: Q: What is the scientific method?
A: The scientific method is the process scientists use to explain natural phenomena through observation and experiments.
Steps:
Make observations
Conduct research
Create a hypothesis
Conduct the experiment
Analyze and collect data
Draw conclusions
Repeat the experiment
Share results with others
Flashcard 3: Q: What are the differences between independent and dependent variables?
Independent Variable: The variable that is manipulated by the scientist (e.g., if you study while eating cheese doodles).
Dependent Variable: The variable that is measured (e.g., test scores).
Flashcard 4: Q: What is the experimental group and the control group?
Experimental Group: The group that receives the independent variable.
Control Group: The baseline group, which is used for comparison and must be kept constant.
Flashcard 5: Q: What are valid conclusions based on in an experiment?
Multiple trials and large sample size.
Testing only one variable at a time.
Using organisms of the same species if applicable.
Explaining whether the hypothesis was supported or not.
Flashcard 6: Q: What is the difference between laws and theories in science?
Laws: Proven or observable evidence, describing what happens (e.g., Newton’s Laws of Motion).
Theories: Explanations for why something happens, though not fully proven (e.g., Theory of Evolution).
Flashcard 7: Q: How do you convert between metric units?
Acronym: King Henry Died Unusually Drinking Chocolate Milk
Kilo, Hecto, Deca, Unit (g-m-l), Deci, Centi, Milli.
Flashcard 8: Q: What is a centrifuge used for?
A: A centrifuge spins samples at high speeds, separating them based on density.
Flashcard 9: Q: What is chromatography used for?
A: Chromatography separates pigments based on density, with less dense pigments traveling farther.
Flashcard 10: Q: What is the purpose of an indicator in science?
A: An indicator tests for the presence or absence of a substance (e.g., iodine indicates the presence of starch).
Flashcard 11: Q: What is gel electrophoresis used for?
A: Gel electrophoresis separates DNA segments by size; smaller segments travel farther.
Flashcard 12: Q: What is the difference between a simple and a compound microscope?
Simple Microscope: One lens.
Compound Microscope: Two lenses (ocular/eyepiece and objective).
Flashcard 13: Q: What are the parts of a compound microscope?
Ocular/Eyepiece
Body tube
Arm
Base
Nosepiece and objectives
Diaphragm and light source
Coarse and fine adjustment knobs
Stage clips and stage.
Flashcard 14: Q: What is the total magnification of a microscope?
A: Total magnification = Ocular x Objective.
Flashcard 15: Q: What happens to the field of view and brightness as magnification increases?
As magnification increases, the field of view decreases, and brightness decreases.
Flashcard 16: Q: How do you prepare a wet mount slide?
Place the specimen on the slide.
Add a drop of water.
Add a cover slip at a 45-degree angle to reduce air bubbles.
Stain one side of the cover slip and use a paper towel to spread the stain.
What is the function of the ocularlens
The ocular lens, also called the eyepiece, functions to further magnify the image produced by the objective lens on a microscope
What is the function of the diaphram
controlling the amount of light that passes through the specimen.
what is the funciton of the stage
to securely hold and position the sample being observed.
whats the function of the fine adjustment knob
to make small, precise adjustments to the focus of the image
whats the function of the light
to illuminate the specimen being viewed visualizing fine detail of a specimen
whats the function of the base
serves as the support structure, providing stability and holding the microscope steady on a surface;
whats the funciton of the arm
connects to the base and supports the microscope head
whast the function of the coarse focus
too quickly bring a specimen into rough focus by making large adjustments to the stage position
whats the function of the stage clips
hold the slides in place
whats the funciton of the objective lenses
to create a magnified image of the object, low, medium, and high (never use high when stage is fully raised)
whats the body tube function
separates the objective and the eyepiece and assures continuous alignment of the optics.
