UNIT 4 - AOS2 Flashcards

1
Q

Rationale of the UN’s SDGs

A
  • Build on the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) and what they didn’t achieve. Continue at address extreme poverty + hunger, education + actions to protect the planet.
  • Progress was uneven in all areas, across regions + countries, therefore disadvantaged were left behind.
  • New global challenges emerged; freeing people from the tyranny of poverty, and strengthening universal peace, including conflict and extremism.
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2
Q

Objectives of the UN’s SDGs

A
  • End extreme poverty.
  • Fight inequality and injustice.
  • Address climate change.
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3
Q

5 action areas of the SDGs

A
  • People –> Poverty, Hunger, Equality.
  • Planet –> Degradation, Sustainability.
  • Partnership –> Participation + Stakeholders.
  • Peace –> Inclusive societies free from fear and violence
  • Prosperity –> Successful and fulfilling lives, economic, social + technological.
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4
Q

SDG 3 –> Good health and wellbeing targets.

A
  • achieve universal health coverage, with access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines
  • reduce maternal mortality.
  • end preventable deaths of newborns and children under five.
  • end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases (NTD), and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases
  • reduce by one-third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment, and promote mental health and wellbeing
  • strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including drugs and alcohol
  • halve global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents
  • ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services
  • reduce deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination
  • strengthen the implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries.
  • support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for communicable and non-communicable diseases and provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines
  • increase investment in healthcare services and qualified healthcare staff.
  • strengthen the capacity of all countries for early warning, risk reduction and management of health and well-being risks
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5
Q

Aim of good health and wellbeing SDG3

A

All people obtain health services they need without suffering financial hardship when paying for them.

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6
Q

Key features of SDG3

A

Achieve universal health coverage; financial risk protection, access to quality essential healthcare services and access to safe effective, quality and affordable medicines and vaccines for all.

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7
Q

SDG1 - No poverty targets

A
  • eradicating extreme poverty currently measured as people living on less than US$1.90 a day
  • reducing the proportion of men, women and children living in poverty by half
  • implementing social protection systems
  • ensuring equal rights and access to essential resources, services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance
  • building the resilience of those in vulnerable situations and reducing exposure to environmental disasters that result in poverty.
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8
Q

SDG1 Relationship with SDG 3.

A
  • To enable global H+W and improve human development poverty must be eradicated.
  • Women, youth, the elderly and migrants often live in poverty, with less access to work, and education rights.
  • Governments in low income, don’t put as much money towards public H+W (sanitation + safe water).
  • Need access to free healthcare services.
  • Access to social protective services.
  • Economic sociocultural + environmental actions that need to be taken.
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9
Q

By achieving SDG1; Global H+W

A
  • Less people living in poverty; reduced discrimination + exclusion (social H+W).
  • More jobs; women can financially provide for themselves (low income) - physically improved; afford nutritious foods.
  • Improved mental; less stress.
  • Access to technology increased. (healthcare etc).
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10
Q

By achieving SDG1; Human development.

A
  • More opportunities to participate in making decisions that affect their lives and those in their community.
  • Increases standard of living.
  • Schooling is increased therefore health literacy + knowledge.
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11
Q

SDG2 –> Zero Hunger Targets

A

End Hunger, Achieve food security, improve nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture.

  • End all forms of hunger + malnutrition. ALL people have access to safe nutritious food all year.
  • Improve sustainable agriculture productivity + adapting to climate change/extreme weather.
  • Address
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12
Q

SDG2 relationship with SDG3

A
  • Millions experience chronic hunger/malnutrition. Increased mortality rates esp in children.
  • Maternal + Child health is improved with nutritious foods.
  • Reduced contracting/dying from communicable diseases.
  • Mother more likely to survive birth/have healthier babies.
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13
Q

By achieving SDG2; Global H+W.

A
  • Decreased child mortality + malnutrition; improving physical health and wellbeing.
  • Decreased hunger, and reduces stress, therefore improving mental health and well-being.
  • Healthy lifestyle; sense of security; improving emotional.
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14
Q

By achieving SDG2; Human development.

A
  • Food –> helps live a long healthy life.
  • Decent standard of living.
  • Hungry/malnutrition = reduced ability to attend school; reducing knowledge. Food security reverses it.
  • Participate with the community; have energy.
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15
Q

SDG4 –> Quality Education Targets

A

Inclusive + equitable quality education + promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.

  • All (girls/boys) have access to quality education from pre-primary to tertiary. Completion of free secondary + primary education.
  • Ensure literacy and numeracy.
  • Increased skills for employment and decent jobs.
  • Upgrade education facilities –> qualified teachers.
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16
Q

SDG4 relation to SDG3

A
  • Education increased economic growth, therefore resources for healthcare/social protection.
  • Health Literacy = increased access to health services.
  • Educated girls = decreased due to health literacy - stabilising populations. Also more likely to survive birth.
  • Education = employment = nutritious food/water/clothing/shelter = good H+W.
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17
Q

Achieveing SDG4 Impact; Global H+W.

A
  • Education = employment = $$ –> nutritious foods; improve physical H+W.
  • Educated girls –> protect from HIV/AIDS; improved physical H+W.
  • More confident/empowered –> improve social.
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18
Q

Achieveing SDG4 Impact; Human Development

A
  • Education + employment increases knowledge + skills.
    –> creates opportunities for employment + increases choices that people have and enhances capabilities.
  • Girls more equity –> more opportunities + participation in community.
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19
Q

SDG5 –> Gender Equality Targets

A

Achieve Gender equality and empower women and girls.
- Equal opportunities for both males/females; leadership in decision making + access to economic + natural resources.
- End all forms of discrimination, violence + harmful practices against all girls + women everywhere.
- Ensure universal access to sexual + reproductive health and rights.

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20
Q

SDG5 relation to SDG3

A
  • Provide women and girls with equal access to education, healthcare etc; which can reduce maternal mortality with health-related knowledge.
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21
Q

By achieving SDG5; H+W

A
  • End violence against girls/women promoting physical H+W.
  • Ending violence; no longer living in fear. Increasing emotional H+W and reducing stress improves mental H+W.
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22
Q

By achieving SDG5; Human Development

A
  • Gender equality; access to education - gain knowledge and skills.
  • Participate in their society and community.
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23
Q

SDG6 –> Clean water + Sanitation Targets

A

Ensure availability + sustainable management of water + sanitation for all.
- Achieve universal access to water and sanitation for all people.
- Improve water quality by reducing contaminants + increasing water-use efficiency promoting sustainability.
- Aims to support the participation of local communities in improving water/sanitation.
- Decrease communicable + Non-communicable disease.

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24
Q

SDG6 relation to SDG3

A
  • Millions lack access to clean, safe water + sanitation; resulting in preventable illness + high mortality rates among children and mothers.
  • Global economic gain; increased universal access to healthcare.
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25
Q

By achieving SDG6 impact; Global H+W

A
  • Safe water allows individuals to bathe/clean themselves, and improve self-esteem therefore mental H+W.
  • Decrease in water scarcity –> decreasing dehydration improving physical H+W.
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26
Q

By achieving SDG6 impact; Human development.

A
  • Not having to travel miles for water –> able to attend school and improve knowledge, plus participation in the community.
27
Q

SDG13 –> Climate Action Target

A

Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.
- Take action on climate change.
- Strengthen the resilience of countries to disasters.
- Improve environmental action.
- Integrates environmental concerns into policies and planning.
- Climate change = increased infectious disease (heat + humidity), allergies, asthma, CVD, respiratory diseases, hunger, malnutrition.

28
Q

SDG13 relation to SDG3

A
  • Cleaner energy systems –> to promote energy-efficient public transport etc. Reducing carbon emissions, reducing communicable and non-communicable diseases.
  • End infectious disease epidemics cannot be achieved if climate change increases disease.
29
Q

Achieving SDG13 impact; Global H+W

A
  • Decrease emissions and improve physical H+W for everyone.
  • Less stress from melting glaciers and fires.
30
Q

Achieving SDG13 impact; Human Development

A
  • Increased capabilities + knowledge, with the ability to attend schools, not at risk of fires.
  • Therefore increased participation in the community.
31
Q

World Health Organisations Goal

A

To Build a better and healthier future for everyone in the world.

32
Q

Work of WHO

A
  • Provide leadership + Collboration.
  • Conduct Research.
  • Set standards + monitor
  • Develop policies.
  • Technical Support.
  • Monitor H+W trends.
33
Q

Provide leadership + collaboration

A

Works with member states and other agencies to develop international policies and regulations to prevent outbreaks of diseases.

34
Q

Conduct Research

A

Works with others to ensure the most up-to-date research is available to help inform decisions that promote H+W. They provide this research to improve ways diseases can be prevented, managed and treated.

35
Q

Set standards + monitor

A

Works with other agencies to standardise the way research is carried out, the use of common indicators for the collection of data and the H+W terminology that is used.
–> More effective to share information and monitor + evaluate disease program effectiveness.

36
Q

Develop policies

A

WHO helps countries to adapt to these policies to meet their local context and helps governments implement them.

37
Q

Technical Support

A

Advice + support to implement changes in areas such as the provision of universal healthcare, health financing and a trained workforce. This strengthens capacities for early warnings, risk reduction and management of H+W risks.

38
Q

Monitor H+W trends.

A

Works with governments and organisations to collect data related to health and well-being to monitor progress in improving H+W.

39
Q

Strategic Priorities (and Goals) of WHO

A
  • Provide Health; achieving universal health coverage.
  • Protect Health; by addressing health emergencies.
  • Promote Health; promote healthier populations.
40
Q

Provide health

A

1 Billion more people benefit from universal health coverage.
- Service access and quality.
- Health workforce.
- Access to medicines, vaccines and health products.
- Governance and finance.
- Health information systems.
- Advocacy.
- Country support.

41
Q

Protect Health

A

1 Billion more people better protected from health emergencies.
- Building sustaining resilient national, regional and global capacities required to keep the world safe from epidemics and other health energies.
- Ensuring populations affected by acute and protracted emergencies have rapid access to essential life-saving health services including health promotion + disease prevention.

42
Q

Promote Health

A

1 Billion more people enjoying better health and well-being.
- Improved human capital (knowledge, skills + health) across the life course.
- Accelerating action on preventing non-communicable diseases and promoting mental health.
- Accelerating elimination and eradication of high-impact communicable diseases.
- Tackling antimicrobial resistance.
- Addressing the health effects of climate change in small island developing states and other vulnerable states.

43
Q

Aid

A

The assistance is given to countries/communities in the event of a crisis or for the development of long-term sustainable improvements.

44
Q

Different types of aid

A
  • Emergency/Humanitarian Aid.
  • Bilateral Aid.
  • Multilateral Aid.
  • Non-government Aid.
45
Q

Emergency/Humanitarian Aid

A
  • Rapid assistance given to countries in immediate distress to relive suffering during and after emergencies such as wars and natural disasters.

The purpose is to respond quickly to address the intermediate needs.
- Provides food, clothing, healthcare etc.

46
Q

Bilateral Aid

A

Provision of aid from the government of one country to the government of another country.

The purpose is to reduce poverty and bring about long-term sustainable development. To become more sufficient.
- Supports infrastructure, fund small community-based products, immunisations.

47
Q

Multilateral Aid

A

Aid is provided through an international organisation such as WHO + UN. Combining donations from several countries and distributing them to recipients.

The purpose is to contribute to the achievement of equity in H+W and human development.
- Provides emergency relief via programs. Address global issues.

48
Q

Nongovernment Aid

A

Non-profit organisations work to promote H+W and human development.
–> Take different approaches to aid.

49
Q

Types of Partnerships involved in Australia’s aid program

A
  • Multilateral.
  • Bilateral.
  • Non-government.
  • Private Sector; private companies.
  • Other governments.
50
Q

Australian Government Aid Priorities.

A
  • Pacific.
  • Southeast Asia.
  • Building resilience - climate action + climate financing.
  • Humanitarian.
  • Expanding opportunities for everyone.
51
Q

Pacific

A

Ensuring that the Pacific remains peaceful and equipped to respond to the challenges of our time.

Invests in needs and prioritises across climate, health, water, sanitation and hygiene, education and social protection systems.

52
Q

Southeast Asia

A

DFAT will assist Southeast Asia partners tackle some of the most pressing regional priorities – climate change and the clean energy transition, gender equality, health, rapid digitalisation, knowledge and skills development and infrastructure.

53
Q

Building Resilience - Climate action and climate financing

A

Australia is working with countries in the Indo-Pacific to support the deployment of a range of renewable technologies, including solar, wind, hydropower and biomass.

54
Q

Humanitarian

A

Fast to act to save lives when disaster strikes.
Preventing crises is a good investment, to reduce disaster risks and promote preparedness.
Specialist capabilities to respond to humanitarian crises:
- Australian personnel deployed.
- Lifesaving supplies and logistics.
- Partnership with local and international humanitarian organisations that can deliver support in line with Aus’s humanitarian priorities.

55
Q

Expanding opportunities for everyone

A

Aims to be inclusive of all people, including women and girls, people with disabilities and the LGBTQIA+ community.

56
Q

Non-Government Organisations role in promoting health and wellbeing + human development.

A

H+W =
Human Development =

57
Q

World Vision:

A

Works with children, families and communities around the world to overcome poverty and injustice.
Addresses SDG1 No Poverty.
- Works to create change via Advocacy, community development + poverty reduction, and humanitarian relief.
H+W = Malnutrion–> impacts physical.
Worldvision provides feeding programs to improve physical H+W.
Human Development =
Malnutrition can lead to children not being able to attend school and therefore not participating in the community.

58
Q

Features of Effective Aid Program

A
  • Ownership by recipient country.
  • Results-focused.
  • Partnerships.
  • Transparency.
59
Q

Ownership

A
  • Involved in decisions of the type of aid that will best meet their needs.
  • Program fits the longer term.
  • Need to consider the sociocultural and political aspects of a community.
  • Implement in a sociocuturally sensible way.
60
Q

Focus on results

A
  • Addressing poverty, reducing inequalities and promoting H+W & HD.
  • Those that need the most assistance based on results get that assistance.
  • Involving + education women.
  • Allows the progress to be monitored and altered.
61
Q

Partnership and collaboration

A
  • Partnership amoung all stakeholders.
  • Ensuring adequate funding.
  • Local communities have input into the design + implementation.
    • Resources used effectively.
  • Combines different strengths and expertise.
  • Ensures community involvement and ownership.
  • Develops knowledge and skills of local communities.
62
Q

Transparency and accountability

A
  • Information is published and openly available.
  • Funding is used for it’s intended purpose.
  • Regular monitoring of progress against program aims.
63
Q

Ways of taking social action.

A
  • Volunteer; to assist in raising funds or help improve the lives of others and their communities.
  • Donate money to non-government organisations such as Worldvision; can donate money, provide emergency assistance, sponsor a child or provide microfinance.
  • Conduct fundraising events in school or community.
  • Show support for a social change campaign by signing online petitions etc.
  • Find out more about social issues and implement awareness campaigns.
  • Organise boycotts; collectively decide not to buy products because of how they are made, and how workers are treated.
  • Start a social enterprise activity.
64
Q

Reasons for social action

A
  • Help others that are less fortunate.
  • Raise awareness.
  • Prevent harm to the environment.
  • All people are included; target the most vulnerable + discriminated –> those that need it the most.