UNIT 4 AOS1 1B Flashcards
Sustainability
Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
3 dimensions:
Social
Economic
Environmental
Social sustainability
Creating an equitable society that meets the needs of all citizens and can be maintained.
Increased social sustainability
- High employment.
- Sustainable birth rates.
- Equality.
- Investing in education.
- Development of healthcare.
- No poverty.
Economic sustainability
Average incomes across all countries are adequate to sustain a decent standard of living and continue to rise in line with inflation and future living costs.
Increased economic sustainability
- Managing debt.
- Increase opportunities for trade.
- Ensuring children stay in school.
- Increased income wages.
- Employment.
- Economic growth; GNI.
Environmental sustainability
The natural environment is used in a way that will preserve resources into the future.
Increased environmental sustainability
- Biodiversity; all forms of different life.
- Use of natural resources.
- Climate change.
- Reduced emissions.
- Waste removal and pollution.
- Ecosystems; community of living + non-living.
Social sustainability PMSES
P - Eliminate Poverty = reduced risk of infectious disease.
M - Increased access to healthcare reduces stress.
S - Gender equality; females attend school forming relationships.
E - Safe/decent jobs = positive pride + satisfaction.
S Peace + Security, go about daily lives; a sense of purpose.
Economic sustainability PMSES
P - Decent income = afford nutritious foods.
M - $ = confidence/less stress to provide for family.
S - Children can stay in school and build relationships.
E - Education = increased self-esteem and worth.
S - Education; sense of purpose/meaning.
Environmental sustainability PMSES
P - Poor diversity = food insecurity reducing immune system functions = contributes to disease.
M - Food security; less stress.
S - Renewable sources preserve natural environments and are used for socialising.
E - Clean water; not having to travel; promotes satisfaction.
S - climate change minimised; no flooding, no moving; increasing connection with the community.
Interrelationship between SEE
- Poverty reduction is a part of social sustainability, but in order to be achieved, it is reliant on economic sustainability
- Equal access to safe water is an aspect of social sustainability but relies heavily on environmental sustainability to ensure clean water is available.
Human development
In an environment:
- Live creative lives according to needs and interests.
- Expand choices.
- Enhance capabilities.
- Access to knowledge.
- Participation in the community.
- Live long and healthy lives.
Human Development Index (HDI)
United Nations Development Programme:
Made a system to reflect on human development in countries. Doesn’t just use economic data. but also health and development outcomes.
based on three dimensions — a long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living — and four indicators — life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling and Gross National Income per capita.
How are countries classified using HDI
Number between 0 and .1
Very high human development –> 0.800 and above.
High human development –> 0.700-0.799
Medium human development –> 0.550-0.699
Low human development; less than 0.550
3 dimensions of HDI (+ Indicators)
A long and healthy life —> Life expectancy at birth.
Knowledge –> Mean years of schooling + expected years of schooling.
A decent standard of living –> GNI per capita.
Life expectancy at birth.
How long a person can expect to live; it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at birth if death rates do not change
Mean years of schooling
The average number of years of education achieved by those aged 25 years and over.
Expected years of schooling
The number of years of education expected for a
child of school entrance age.
GNI per capita
Gross national income
The overall income of a country after expenses owing to other countries have been paid, divided by the population of the country