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HHD 3/4 > UNIT 4 AOS1 1B > Flashcards

UNIT 4 AOS1 1B Flashcards

1
Q

Sustainability

A

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
3 dimensions:
Social
Economic
Environmental

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2
Q

Social sustainability

A

Creating an equitable society that meets the needs of all citizens and can be maintained.

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3
Q

Increased social sustainability

A
  • High employment.
  • Sustainable birth rates.
  • Equality.
  • Investing in education.
  • Development of healthcare.
  • No poverty.
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4
Q

Economic sustainability

A

Average incomes across all countries are adequate to sustain a decent standard of living and continue to rise in line with inflation and future living costs.

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5
Q

Increased economic sustainability

A
  • Managing debt.
  • Increase opportunities for trade.
  • Ensuring children stay in school.
  • Increased income wages.
  • Employment.
  • Economic growth; GNI.
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6
Q

Environmental sustainability

A

The natural environment is used in a way that will preserve resources into the future.

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7
Q

Increased environmental sustainability

A
  • Biodiversity; all forms of different life.
  • Use of natural resources.
  • Climate change.
  • Reduced emissions.
  • Waste removal and pollution.
  • Ecosystems; community of living + non-living.
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8
Q

Social sustainability PMSES

A

P - Eliminate Poverty = reduced risk of infectious disease.
M - Increased access to healthcare reduces stress.
S - Gender equality; females attend school forming relationships.
E - Safe/decent jobs = positive pride + satisfaction.
S Peace + Security, go about daily lives; a sense of purpose.

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9
Q

Economic sustainability PMSES

A

P - Decent income = afford nutritious foods.
M - $ = confidence/less stress to provide for family.
S - Children can stay in school and build relationships.
E - Education = increased self-esteem and worth.
S - Education; sense of purpose/meaning.

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10
Q

Environmental sustainability PMSES

A

P - Poor diversity = food insecurity reducing immune system functions = contributes to disease.
M - Food security; less stress.
S - Renewable sources preserve natural environments and are used for socialising.
E - Clean water; not having to travel; promotes satisfaction.
S - climate change minimised; no flooding, no moving; increasing connection with the community.

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11
Q

Interrelationship between SEE

A
  • Poverty reduction is a part of social sustainability, but in order to be achieved, it is reliant on economic sustainability
  • Equal access to safe water is an aspect of social sustainability but relies heavily on environmental sustainability to ensure clean water is available.
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12
Q

Human development

A

In an environment:
- Live creative lives according to needs and interests.
- Expand choices.
- Enhance capabilities.
- Access to knowledge.
- Participation in the community.
- Live long and healthy lives.

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13
Q

Human Development Index (HDI)

A

United Nations Development Programme:
Made a system to reflect on human development in countries. Doesn’t just use economic data. but also health and development outcomes.

based on three dimensions — a long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living — and four indicators — life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling and Gross National Income per capita.

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14
Q

How are countries classified using HDI

A

Number between 0 and .1
Very high human development –> 0.800 and above.
High human development –> 0.700-0.799
Medium human development –> 0.550-0.699
Low human development; less than 0.550

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15
Q

3 dimensions of HDI (+ Indicators)

A

A long and healthy life —> Life expectancy at birth.
Knowledge –> Mean years of schooling + expected years of schooling.
A decent standard of living –> GNI per capita.

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16
Q

Life expectancy at birth.

A

How long a person can expect to live; it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at birth if death rates do not change

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17
Q

Mean years of schooling

A

The average number of years of education achieved by those aged 25 years and over.

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18
Q

Expected years of schooling

A

The number of years of education expected for a
child of school entrance age.

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19
Q

GNI per capita

A

Gross national income
The overall income of a country after expenses owing to other countries have been paid, divided by the population of the country

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20
Q

Advantages of HDI

A
  • Provides a more comprehensive measurement than income, education, and life expectancy alone.
  • May allow for the governments of individual countries to identify areas for improvement.
  • Allows for the tracking of a country’s progress over time.
21
Q

Limitations of HDI

A
  • It does not consider factors such as gender equality, human rights, political systems or levels of discrimination so it doesn’t fully reflect the concept of human development
  • Data collection can be inconsistent between countries, so comparisons may not be accurate.
  • Only measures the mean/averages therefore does not take into consideration the inequalities that exist within (or between) countries.
22
Q

HDI usefulness in measuring human development

A

Low HDI; low mean years of schooling, low life expectancy and low GNI = poor human development.
But High HDI = high human development.

23
Q

Global trends

A

Social, environmental and economic activity that will have an effect at some point in the future and will require action to be taken at a global level.

24
Q

Globalisation

A

Boundaries between countries are reduced/eliminated allowing individuals, groups and communities to act on a global scale.

25
Q

Climate change.

A

Released greenhouse gases result in rising sea levels, rising temperatures, and extreme weather events and patterns. All due to Global warming.

26
Q

Rising sea levels impact.

A

Glaciers melting due to rising temperatures:
- Relocation.
- Land for crops is lost.
- Reduced water availability (fresh)
- Change in biodiversity.
- Increased infectious disease.

27
Q

Rising sea levels / Climate Change PMSES

A

P - Reduced access to fresh water; dehydration.
M - Relocation; stressful to find a new place to live.
S - Exclusion; children unable to attend schools can’t form new relationships.
E - Negative emotions from having to leave home.
S - Disconnection from community.

28
Q

Climate change; HS, BOD, HD

A

HS:
- Increased morbidity + mortality.
- Decreased life expectancy.
BOD:
- Increased YLL.
- Increased YLD; injury from floods.
HD:
- Capabilities are limited.
- Reduced access in knowledge; unable to attend school.

29
Q

Extreme heat conditions ( changing weather patterns )

A
  • More infectious disease.
  • Increased BOD –> CVD + Asthma.
  • Increased homelessness.
  • Less food availability.
30
Q

Changing weather and rainfall patterns

A

More drought + floods.
- Lack of safe water in floods.
- Scarcity of water leads to a lack of food production leading to malnutrition

31
Q

Conflict

A
  • Increased.
  • Acts of terrorism, armed conflict and siege.
  • Destroys national infrastructure and displays people from home.
  • Deliberate destruction.
32
Q

Consequences of conflict

A
  • Physical environment is destroyed; access to food and water.
  • Limited water and sanitation.
  • Increased injury.
  • Limited
33
Q

Mass Migration

A

Movement of large groups of people from one geographical area to another (forced).

34
Q

Displaced people (refugees)

A

Those who are forced to leave their home because of war or persecution.

35
Q

Internally displaced persons

A

People who are displaced within their own country.

36
Q

Asylum seeker

A

A person seeking international protection and whose refugee status is yet to be confirmed.

37
Q

Statelessness

A

A situation where someone doesn’t have citizenship in any country. They have no protection of social, human or political rights; and cannot access education or healthcare (no freedom of movement).

38
Q

Global trends; mass migration + conflict PMSES

A

P - Increased Injury+Death due to fighting.
M - Constant state of anxiety.
S - Loss of community interaction.
E - Strong feelings of fear + sadness.
S - Loss of personal sense of hope.

39
Q

Global trends; mass migration + conflict, HS, BOD, HD

A

HS:
- Increased morbidity + mortality.
- Lowered life expectancy.
BOD:
- Increased DALY, YLL, YLD.
HD:
- Capabilities are limited.
- Reduced access to knowledge; not attending school.

40
Q

World trade

A
  • Exchange of goods and services between countries.
  • Production costs –> drive prices.
    Strong economy = strong H+W.
    Negatively affected economy = fluctuation in the stock market, international trade –> H+W impacted.
41
Q

World trade PMSES

A

P - Increased employment = access to food, improving nutrition.
M - Reduced stress, by having jobs.
S - Children working; cannot attend school.
E - ???
S - Sense of loss and purpose in life due to having to work all the time (children).

42
Q

World trade HS, BOD, HD

A

HS:
- Lower U5MR, due to affording education.
- Increased communicable diseases from working in bad conditions. (Mortality and Morbidity
BOD:
- Increased YLL+YLD.
HD:
- Increased capabilities from being able to work.
- Increased knowledge from attending school.

43
Q

Tourism

A
  • Strongest economic forces.
  • Countries are connected.
  • Travel –> spend money in local economy.

Promotes employment.
Sustainable growth
Resource efficiency + environmental protection.
Preserve culture; value diversity.
Promotes mutual understanding.

44
Q

Tourism HS, BOD, HD

A

HS:
- Increased spread of infectious disease; Mortality + Morbidity.
BOD:
- Increased YLL + YLD from infectious disease.
HD:
- Increased knowledge from being able to afford schooling from jobs.
- Capabilities are increased.

44
Q

Tourism PMSES

A

P - Promotes economic growth, access to more nutritious foods.
- Infectious disease increased spread.
M - Promote peace and non-violence, reducing anxiety and stress.
S - Women employed; reduce social inequalities.
E - Develops trust between countries.
S - Preserve culture; more confidence and empowerment in the community.

45
Q

Digital Technologies enable increased knowledge-sharing

A

More connected; rural and remote.
- Promotes communication.
- Sharing health-related info.
- Send alerts; about natural disasters.
- Connects people to resources.

46
Q

Digital Technology PMSES

A

P - Engage individuals with healthcare; more aware or their health.
M - Phones used to issue warnings for emergencies reducing stress.
S - Connected with families and the community. + Online bullying.
E - Lead to online bullying; sadness and fear.
S - More connected with the community via communication online.

47
Q

Digital Technology HS, BOD, HD

A

HS:
- Increased life expectancy; tech used for healthcare
- Decreased Mortality + Morbidity.
BOD:
- Decreased YLL + YLD
HD:
- Increased capabilities + knowledge.

HHD 3/4 (7 decks)

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