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HHD 3/4 > EXAM: > Flashcards

EXAM: Flashcards

1
Q

WHO’s definition of health

A

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease.

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2
Q

Health and Wellbeing

A

The state of a person’s social, physical, emotional, mental and spiritual state is characterised by an equilibrium where an individual feels happy and engaged.

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3
Q

Wellbeing takes into account…

A

The health outcomes and factors such as a person’s life happiness and satisfaction.

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4
Q

Dimensions of Health and Wellbeing.

A
  • Physical
  • Social
  • Emotional
  • Spiritual
  • Mental
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5
Q

Physical health and wellbeing:

A

The functioning of the body and its systems includes the physical capacity to perform daily tasks.
- Healthy body weight.
- Strong immune system.
- Adequate energy levels.

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6
Q

Social health and wellbeing:

A

Form meaningful and satisfying relationships with others, and the ability to manage or adapt to social situations.
- Supportive network of friends.
- Effective communication.
- Supportive family.

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7
Q

Emotional health and wellbeing:

A

Ability to recognise, understand and effectively manage and express emotions as well as the ability to display resilience.
Ability to recognise, understand and effectively manage and express emotions.
- High levels of resilience.
- Effectively respond to emotion.
- Recognise emotions.

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8
Q

Mental health and wellbeing:

A

State of a person’s mind and relates to the ability to think and process information, form opinions and make decisions.
- Positive self-esteem.
- Positive thought patterns.
- Logic and reasoning.

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9
Q

Spiritual health and wellbeing:

A

Ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that rise in the minds and conscience of human beings.
- Positive sense of meaning and purpose.
- Sense of belonging.
- Peace and harmony.

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10
Q

Subjective

A

Personal beliefs and opinions.

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11
Q

Dynamic

A

constantly changing in response to environments and experiences.

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12
Q

Illness

A

An individuals experience with a particular disease or condition.
It is subjective as it is experienced differently by different individuals

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13
Q

Disease

A

A physical or mental disturbance involving symptoms, dysfunction or tissue damage. It can be physical or mental, mild to severe and involve various levels of discomfort or pain.

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14
Q

How is illness different to disease

A

Illness relates to the way a person feels as the result of a disease.

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15
Q

Optimal health and wellbeing

A

The best possible state of an individuals’ health and wellbeing for their age.

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16
Q

Interrelationship

A

They all relate and connect to one-another. Each dimension influences the other.

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17
Q

Importance of health and wellbeing as a resource:

A

WHO: H+W is a resource for everyday life , not the objective of living.

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18
Q

Importance of H+W as a resource INDIVIDUALLY.

A
  • Increases life expectancy.
  • Increases self-esteem and positive self-image.
  • Reduces pain and suffering.
  • Work productively to maximise income and reduce medical costs.
  • Engagement with wider community.
  • Sense of fulfilment and success in life.
  • Reduces pain of chronic diseases.
19
Q

Importance of H+W as a resource NATIONALLY.

A
  • Increased productivity.
  • Increases national income.
  • Reduced burden on healthcare system.
  • Reduced stress and anxiety in the community.
  • Increased social participation including effective government, healthcare and education system.
  • Reduces costs; indirect and direct.
20
Q

Importance of H+W as a resource GLOBALLY.

A
  • Decrease in health threats crossing boarders.
  • Decrease in non-communicable disease impacting older people.
  • Reduction in malnutrition or preventable diseases in low income country.
  • Global economic (trade) activity and productivity increases.
  • An increase in social and economic development of more low income countries.
21
Q

The prerequisites for health determined by WHO:

A
  • Peace.
  • Shelter.
  • Education.
  • Food.
  • Income.
  • Stable ecosystem.
  • Sustainable resources.
  • Social justice.
  • Equity.
22
Q

Peace

A
  • The absence of conflict.
  • When peace is experienced there is a decrease in risk of premature death, injury and disability.
  • Promotes life-expectancy.
23
Q

Shelter

A
  • Provides structural protection from the outside environment.
  • A basic human right.
    Provides positive benefits to health status and wellbeing.
  • Includes protection from the elements, privacy, safety and security.
  • Reducing disease and stress.
24
Q

Education

A
  • Empowers individuals and increases access to resources.
  • Health literacy increases life expectancy (help make decisions about their health).
  • Increases healthy behaviours, adds meaning and purpose to life.
25
Q

Food

A
  • Adequate food intake is essential for survival and a basic human right.
  • Provides energy and aids with functioning.
  • Protects against disease.
  • Nutritionally adequate, culturally appropriate, safe food.
  • Food security, time in education and work.
26
Q

Income

A
  • Increased income allows access to food, healthcare, education, recreation and transport.
  • Governments can provide social security and protect vulnerable populations.
  • Governments can provide infrastructure to support populations.
27
Q

Stable ecosystem.

A
  • A stable ecosystem occurs when there is a balance between all species and systems.
  • Required to provide resources for human life such as clean water.
  • Resources are available and can be regenerated.
  • Promotes Health status and H+W.
28
Q

Sustainable resources.

A
  • Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
  • Resources for energy production, food and water + shelter.
  • Wind and solar energy.
  • Energy production form oil, gas and coal takes millions of years to regenerate, impacting food, land and water.
  • Improves H+W and health status.
29
Q

Social Justice

A
  • Equal rights for all, free from discrimination.
  • Equal access to opportunities.
  • Equal participation in community.
  • Economic justice.
  • Improves lives of most vulnerable.
30
Q

Equity

A
  • Fairness.
  • Provides every person with resources they need to live a good life, taking into account unfair circumstances so individuals that are disadvantaged are given opportunities to participate.
  • Those who need most assistance will receive more assistance.
31
Q

Health indicators

A
  • Incidence.
  • Prevalence.
  • Morbidity.
  • Burden of disease.
  • DALY.
  • Life expectancy.
  • HALE.
  • Mortality.
  • Infant mortality.
  • U5MR.
  • Self-assessed health status.
  • Health outcomes.
32
Q

Health status

A

An individual’s or a population’s overall health (and wellbeing), taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.

33
Q

Incidence

A

Number (or rate) of new cases of a disease/condition in a population in a given period of time.

34
Q

Prevalence

A

The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.
Existing cases

35
Q

Morbidity

A

Ill health in an individual + level of ill health in a population.

36
Q

Burden of disease

A

Measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, measuring the gap between current health status and an ideal situation, where everyone lives to an old age free of disease.

37
Q

Disability Adjusted life years (DALY)

A

Years of healthy life lost due to premature death or time lived with illness, disease or injury.
YLL+YLD

38
Q

Life expectancy

A

How long an individual is expected to live for, it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.

39
Q

Health adjusted life years (HALE)

A

The number of years in full health that a person is expected to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality.

40
Q

Mortality

A

Death rates within a population.

41
Q

Infant mortality

A

The death of a child between birth and 1st birthday.

42
Q

U5 Morality rate (U5MR)

A

The probability of dying between birth and exact age 5.

43
Q

Self-assessed health status

A

Provides an overall measure of a population’s health based on a person’s own perception of health and well-being.

HHD 3/4 (7 decks)

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