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3/4 Psychology > Unit 4 AOS 2: Mental Health > Flashcards

Unit 4 AOS 2: Mental Health Flashcards

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1
Q

What is mental health?

A
  • State of well being in which an individual realises his/her own abilities, can cope wit the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and make a contribution to their community
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2
Q

What are mental health problems?

A
  • Temporary
  • Negative perceptions, attitudes and feelings
  • Social withdrawals
  • Recover quickly/bounce back from situation
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3
Q

What are mental disorders?

A
  • Clinically recognised set of symptoms
  • Impacts daily functioning
  • Affects thoughts, behaviours and feelings
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4
Q

Internal factors which impact mental health

A
  • Genetics
  • Thoughts/feelings
  • Nutrition
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5
Q

External factors which impact mental health

A
  • Social relationships
  • Life events
  • Employment
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6
Q

What are the typical characteristics of a mentally healthy person?

A
  • High levels of functioning; independence, goals development
  • Social well being: connected, reciprocated, valued, desired
  • Emotional well being: balanced, normal range, strategies
  • Resilience: the capacity to recover quickly from set backs
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7
Q

What is a Placebo?

A
  • A fake or false drug or treatment
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8
Q

What is the Placebo Effect?

A
  • A change in participant behaviour due to expectation regarding the treatment they are receiving
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9
Q

Predisposing risk factor

A
  • Increase susceptibility
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10
Q

Precipitating risk factor

A
  • Increase susceptibility and contribute to occurrence
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11
Q

Perpetuating risk factor

A
  • Inhibit recovery
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12
Q

Protective risk factor

A
  • Prevent occurrence/re-occurrence
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13
Q

Example of predisposing risk factor

A
  • Genetics
  • Hormones (different hormone levels)
  • Temperament (how we deal with things)
  • Poverty
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14
Q

Example of precipitating risk factor

A
  • Stressful life situations
  • Traumatic experience
  • Long term medication
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15
Q

Examples of perpetuating risk factors

A
  • Poor health
  • Stigma (not seeking treatment due to fear/lack of understanding)
  • Lack of social support (desire but no encouragement)
  • Conflict in relationship
  • Drug/alcohol problems
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16
Q

Examples of protective factors

A
  • Good health/sleep
  • Hormonal balance
  • Resilience
  • Resources
  • Strong social support
17
Q

Biological risk factors of metal health

A
  • Genetic vulnerability (genes passed on by our parents leave us more susceptible)
  • Poor response to medication due to genetic factors
  • Poor sleep (associated with anxiety and mood disorders)
  • Substance use (changing of chemicals in the brain leaving imbalance)
18
Q

Psychological risk factors of mental health

A
  • Rumination (overthinking/obsessing over something)
  • Impaired reasoning and memory
  • Stress
  • Poor self-efficacy (no confidence in yourself)
19
Q

Social risk factors of mental health

A
  • Disorganised attachment (struggle with relationships, avoidant personality)
  • Loss of significant relationship
  • Stigma (avoiding getting help)
20
Q

What is cumulative risk?

A
  • Biological, psychological and social factors combined to precipitate a mental disorder
21
Q

Similarities between stress, phobia and anxiety

A
  • All cause physiological arousal
  • Anxiety and a phobia rare both stress response’s
  • Phobia is a type of anxiety disorder
22
Q

Differences between stress, phobia and anxiety

A
  • Phobia is an irrational thought

- Stress is normal

23
Q

Biological contributing factors for a specific phobia

A
  • GABA dysfunction (lower amounts of GABA mean higher rates of anxiety as GABA acts as a calming agent to excitatory neurotransmitters that lead to anxiety)
  • Stress (FFF activated every-time perceived stressor is confronted which leads to development of phobia)
  • LTP strengthen neural pathways (amygdala processes emotional memories such as fear and hippocampus responsible for formation of declarative memories)
24
Q

Psychological contributing factors to a specific phobia

A
  • Specific phobia can be learnt through CLASSICAL CONDITIONING and maintained by OPERANT
  • Cognitive bias (thinking in a way that involves error of judgement and fault decision making)
  • Catastrophic thinking (thinking the worst)
25
Q

Social contributing factors to a specific phobia

A
  • Environmental triggers (direct exposure to a traumatic/distressing event)
  • Stigma
26
Q

Biological interventions for phobia

A
  • Benzodiazapene (anti-anxiety medication)
  • Agonist (stimulates GABA receptors enhancing effect
  • Exercise (releases beta-like endorphins)
27
Q

Psychological interventions for phobia

A
  • Cognitive behavioural therapy
  • Uses a mix of verbal/behavioural techniques to rid of irrational thoughts that create phobia
  • Focuses on helping change negative thoughts to positive ones
  • Systematic desensitisation
28
Q

Social interventions for phobia

A
  • Psychoeducation
  • Challenges unrealistic thoughts
  • Discourages avoidance behaviours
29
Q

Biological protective factor for mental health

A
  • Adequate sleep (cognitive abilities declined as well as poor memory skills and fatigue)
  • Adequate diet
30
Q

Psychological protective factor for mental health

A
  • CBT

- Changing negative thoughts to positive

31
Q

Social protective factor for mental health

A
  • Support from family, friends and community
32
Q

Transtheoretical model for behaviour change

A
  • Assess an indiviudals readiness to change by looking at different stages
  • An individual may change/go through as they move towards healthier behaviour
33
Q

Transtheoretical model: Precontemplation

A
  • Individual has no intention to take action within next 6 months
34
Q

Transtheoretical model: Contemplation

A
  • Intends to take action in next 6 months
35
Q

Transtheoretical model: Preparation

A
  • Intends to take action in the next 30 days
36
Q

Transtheoretical model: Action

A
  • Individual changes behaviour for less than 6 months
37
Q

Transtheoretical model: Maintenance

A
  • Changes behaviour for more than 6 months

3/4 Psychology (7 decks)

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