Unit 4 AOS 2: Mental Health Flashcards
1
Q
What is mental health?
A
- State of well being in which an individual realises his/her own abilities, can cope wit the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and make a contribution to their community
2
Q
What are mental health problems?
A
- Temporary
- Negative perceptions, attitudes and feelings
- Social withdrawals
- Recover quickly/bounce back from situation
3
Q
What are mental disorders?
A
- Clinically recognised set of symptoms
- Impacts daily functioning
- Affects thoughts, behaviours and feelings
4
Q
Internal factors which impact mental health
A
- Genetics
- Thoughts/feelings
- Nutrition
5
Q
External factors which impact mental health
A
- Social relationships
- Life events
- Employment
6
Q
What are the typical characteristics of a mentally healthy person?
A
- High levels of functioning; independence, goals development
- Social well being: connected, reciprocated, valued, desired
- Emotional well being: balanced, normal range, strategies
- Resilience: the capacity to recover quickly from set backs
7
Q
What is a Placebo?
A
- A fake or false drug or treatment
8
Q
What is the Placebo Effect?
A
- A change in participant behaviour due to expectation regarding the treatment they are receiving
9
Q
Predisposing risk factor
A
- Increase susceptibility
10
Q
Precipitating risk factor
A
- Increase susceptibility and contribute to occurrence
11
Q
Perpetuating risk factor
A
- Inhibit recovery
12
Q
Protective risk factor
A
- Prevent occurrence/re-occurrence
13
Q
Example of predisposing risk factor
A
- Genetics
- Hormones (different hormone levels)
- Temperament (how we deal with things)
- Poverty
14
Q
Example of precipitating risk factor
A
- Stressful life situations
- Traumatic experience
- Long term medication
15
Q
Examples of perpetuating risk factors
A
- Poor health
- Stigma (not seeking treatment due to fear/lack of understanding)
- Lack of social support (desire but no encouragement)
- Conflict in relationship
- Drug/alcohol problems
16
Q
Examples of protective factors
A
- Good health/sleep
- Hormonal balance
- Resilience
- Resources
- Strong social support
17
Q
Biological risk factors of metal health
A
- Genetic vulnerability (genes passed on by our parents leave us more susceptible)
- Poor response to medication due to genetic factors
- Poor sleep (associated with anxiety and mood disorders)
- Substance use (changing of chemicals in the brain leaving imbalance)
18
Q
Psychological risk factors of mental health
A
- Rumination (overthinking/obsessing over something)
- Impaired reasoning and memory
- Stress
- Poor self-efficacy (no confidence in yourself)
19
Q
Social risk factors of mental health
A
- Disorganised attachment (struggle with relationships, avoidant personality)
- Loss of significant relationship
- Stigma (avoiding getting help)
20
Q
What is cumulative risk?
A
- Biological, psychological and social factors combined to precipitate a mental disorder
21
Q
Similarities between stress, phobia and anxiety
A
- All cause physiological arousal
- Anxiety and a phobia rare both stress response’s
- Phobia is a type of anxiety disorder
22
Q
Differences between stress, phobia and anxiety
A
- Phobia is an irrational thought
- Stress is normal
23
Q
Biological contributing factors for a specific phobia
A
- GABA dysfunction (lower amounts of GABA mean higher rates of anxiety as GABA acts as a calming agent to excitatory neurotransmitters that lead to anxiety)
- Stress (FFF activated every-time perceived stressor is confronted which leads to development of phobia)
- LTP strengthen neural pathways (amygdala processes emotional memories such as fear and hippocampus responsible for formation of declarative memories)
24
Q
Psychological contributing factors to a specific phobia
A
- Specific phobia can be learnt through CLASSICAL CONDITIONING and maintained by OPERANT
- Cognitive bias (thinking in a way that involves error of judgement and fault decision making)
- Catastrophic thinking (thinking the worst)
25
Social contributing factors to a specific phobia
- Environmental triggers (direct exposure to a traumatic/distressing event)
- Stigma
26
Biological interventions for phobia
- Benzodiazapene (anti-anxiety medication)
- Agonist (stimulates GABA receptors enhancing effect
- Exercise (releases beta-like endorphins)
27
Psychological interventions for phobia
- Cognitive behavioural therapy
- Uses a mix of verbal/behavioural techniques to rid of irrational thoughts that create phobia
- Focuses on helping change negative thoughts to positive ones
- Systematic desensitisation
28
Social interventions for phobia
- Psychoeducation
- Challenges unrealistic thoughts
- Discourages avoidance behaviours
29
Biological protective factor for mental health
- Adequate sleep (cognitive abilities declined as well as poor memory skills and fatigue)
- Adequate diet
30
Psychological protective factor for mental health
- CBT
| - Changing negative thoughts to positive
31
Social protective factor for mental health
- Support from family, friends and community
32
Transtheoretical model for behaviour change
- Assess an indiviudals readiness to change by looking at different stages
- An individual may change/go through as they move towards healthier behaviour
33
Transtheoretical model: Precontemplation
- Individual has no intention to take action within next 6 months
34
Transtheoretical model: Contemplation
- Intends to take action in next 6 months
35
Transtheoretical model: Preparation
- Intends to take action in the next 30 days
36
Transtheoretical model: Action
- Individual changes behaviour for less than 6 months
37
Transtheoretical model: Maintenance
- Changes behaviour for more than 6 months
