Unit 3 AOS 2: Classical Conditiong (1)

Question 1

What is learning?

Answer 1

• Permanent change in behaviour due to experience

Question 2

What is memory?

Answer 2

Process of,

• Encoding
• Storage
• Retrieval of information

Question 3

Neural plasticity

Answer 3

• Proliferation: multipication of neurons
• Migration: neurons moving to where they need to go
• Circuit formation: two neurons form a circuit
• Synaptic pruning: getting rid of neurons you don’t use so others can be strengthened
• Myelination: refers to the axon being covered in myelin to protect + speed messages

Question 4

What is long term potentiation?

Answer 4

• Long lasting strengthening of synaptic connections

- Results in enhanced/more effective synaptic connections

Question 5

What is long term depression?

Answer 5

• Decrease in the strength of synaptic connections

- Due to lack of stimulation

Question 6

What is glutamate?

Answer 6

• Main excitatory neurotransmitter
• Responsible for memory and learning
• Promotes growth and strengthening of synaptic connections: synaptic plasticity
• Plays a vital role in LTP/LTD as an increase continues to excite post-synaptic neuron which makes connections stronger

Question 7

Role of adrenaline

Answer 7

• Important for encoding emotional memories
• Ensures memory strength relates to memory importance
• Affects memory consolidation by activating amygdala

Question 8

What is involved in classical conditioning?

Answer 8

• Neutral stimulus
• Unconditioned stimulus
• Unconditioned response
• Conditioned stimulus
• Conditioned response
• Extinction
• Spontaneous recovery
• Stimulus generalisation
• Stimulus discrimination

Question 9

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 9

• Simple form of learning
• Occurs through repeated association of two different stimuli to produce a naturally occurring response
• Learner is passive

Question 10

What is neutral stimulus?

Answer 10

• Produces no naturally occurring response

Question 11

What is unconditioned stimulus?

Answer 11

• Something presented which causes a naturally occurring response

Question 12

What is an unconditioned response?

Answer 12

• Reaction of the unconditioned stimulus

Question 13

What is a conditioned stimulus?

Answer 13

• Something repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus which produces a conditioned response

Question 14

What is a conditioned response?

Answer 14

• Reaction of the conditioned stimulus

Question 15

What is extinction?

Answer 15

• Conditioned response no longer occurs

- Due to a lack of pairing unconditioned stimulus with a conditioned stimulus

Question 16

What is spontaneous recovery?

Answer 16

• Reappearance of conditioned response after a conditioned stimulus is presented after the extinction and rest period

Question 17

What is stimulus generalisation?

Answer 17

• Is when a stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus causes a similar response to the conditioned response

Question 18

What is stimulus discrimination?

Answer 18

• When an individual only makes a conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus and not to other stimuli that are similar

Question 19

Hints and Tips

Answer 19

• NS and CS are always the same

- UCR and CR are always the same