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3/4 Psychology > Unit 4 AOS 1 > Flashcards

Unit 4 AOS 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is NWC?

A
  • Awareness of thoughts, feelings and behaviours

- Including internal and external events

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2
Q

What is ASC?

A
  • Any state characteristically different from NWC

- In terms of awareness, thoughts, feelings and behaviours

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3
Q

What is consciousness?

A
  • Awareness of our own thoughts, feelings and perceptions at any given time
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4
Q

What is a psychological construct?

A
  • Used to understand/explain things that we believe exist but cannot see, touch or measure
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5
Q

What is the stream of consciousness?

A
  • Continuous
  • Ever changing
  • Personal experience
  • Selective
  • Active
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6
Q

Continuum of Awareness

A
  • Total awareness
  • Focused attention
  • Ordinary wakefulness
  • Day dreaming
  • Meditation
  • Hypnosis
  • Sleep
  • Anaesthetised
  • Coma
  • Total lack of awareness
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7
Q

What is an EEG?

A
  • Device that detects, amplifies and records electrical activity in the brain
  • In the form of brain waves
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8
Q

What is an EOG?

A
  • Device that detects, amplifies and records electrical activity in the muscles that allow the eye to move
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9
Q

What is an EMG?

A
  • Device commonly used to measure the stages of sleep
  • H/R
  • Body temperature
  • Galvanic skin response
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10
Q

Behavioural/cognitive measures of consciousness

A
  • Speed and accuracy on tasks such as thinking, problem solving
  • Changes in state of consciousness
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11
Q

Subjective reporting to measure consciousness

A
  • Self reporting

- Video monitoring

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12
Q

What is self reporting?

A
  • Statements and answers to questions made by participants

- Concerning psychological experiences

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13
Q

What is video monitoring?

A
  • Can provide an insight into how we behave in different states of consciousness
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14
Q

Advantages/disadvantages of subjective reporting

A
  • Gives insight into actual thoughts

- Open to interpretation

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15
Q

NWC vs ASC: Levels of awareness

A

NWC:
- Awake and aware of external events
ASC:
- Can either increase or decrease

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16
Q

NWC vs ASC: Controlled/automatic processes

A

NWC:
- Can perform controlled/automatic processes within normal limits
ASC:
- Difficult to carry out controlled processes
- Automatic processes can be impaired

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17
Q

NWC vs ASC: Content limitations

A

NWC:
- Limited compared to ASC
- Realistic info is within our conscious control
ASC:
- May increase/decrease content of thoughts
- Dreams may be broader

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18
Q

NWC vs ASC: Perceptual and cognitive distortions

A

NWC:

  • Perceptions are realistic and normal
  • Effective control of memory/thought process
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19
Q

NWC vs ASC: Emotional awareness

A

NWC:
- Greater awareness and control of emotions
ASC:
- Could be less emotional/more emotional
e.g. affectionate/aggressive

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20
Q

NWC vs ASC: Self control

A

NWC:
- More control over actions/movements
ASC:
- Less control over actions/movements

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21
Q

NWC vs ASC: Time orientation

A

NWC:
- Clear sense of time, past, present, future
ASC:
- Disturbed sense of tie; sped up, slowed down

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22
Q

Characteristics of beta brainwaves

A
  • High frequency
  • Low amplitude
  • Awake and alert
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23
Q

Characteristics of alpha brainwaves

A
  • Slightly lower frequency
  • Higher amplitude
  • Relaxed
24
Q

Characteristics of theta brainwaves

A
  • Medium frequency
  • High/low amplitude
  • Early stage of sleep
25
Q

Characteristics of delta brainwaves

A
  • Low frequency
  • High amplitude
  • Deep sleep
26
Q

Brainwaves as a result of stimulants

A
  • Beta

- Gamma

27
Q

Brainwaves as a result of depressants

A
  • Alpha
28
Q

Affective effects total sleep deprivation

A
  • Mood changes
  • Irritability
  • Lack of motivation
29
Q

Behavioural effects of total sleep deprivation

A
  • Slower reactions
  • Clumsiness
  • Risk taking
30
Q

Cognitive effects of total sleep deprivation

A
  • Lack of concentration
  • Illogical thoughts
  • Poor decision making
31
Q

What is a circadian rhythm?

A
  • Physical, mental and behavioural patterns that follow a 24 hour cycle
  • Largely related to light/dark cycles
32
Q

What is an ultradian rhythm?

A
  • Recurrent cycle that is repeated in a 24 hour cycle

e. g. REM/NREM

33
Q

What is NREM stage 1?

A
  • Lasts 5/10 mins

- Hypnogogic jerk may occur

34
Q

What is NREM stage 2?

A
  • Truly asleep
  • Everything continues slow
  • Lasts 10/15 mins
  • Sleep spindles may occur
35
Q

What is NREM stage 3?

A
  • Deeper sleep
  • Body function slowing
  • Lasts 20/25 mins
  • Start of slow/wake sleep
  • Difficult to wake
36
Q

What is NREM stage 4?

A
  • Deepest sleep
  • Hard to wake
  • No eye movement
  • Lasts 20/25 mins
  • Sleep walking may occur/sleep talking
37
Q

What is REM sleep?

A
  • Lighter sleep than stage 3/4 NREM

- Necessary for replenishment of brain

38
Q

Sleep by age: Babies

A
  • 16 hours per day

- 50% REM/50% NREM

39
Q

Sleep by age: Teenagers

A
  • Need 9/10 hours per day

- 20% REM/80% NREM

40
Q

Sleep by age: Adults

A
  • Require approx. 8 hours sleep
41
Q

Sleep by age: Elderly

A
  • Need only 5/7 hours
  • 15% REM
  • 85% NREM
42
Q

Purpose and function of Evolutionary Theory

A
  • Sleep is an evolutionary response

- Adapts based on demands of how much food we need, our energy requirements and our safety when we sleep

43
Q

Purpose and function of Restoration Theory

A
  • Sleep replenishes our bodies and allows us to recharge depleted energy resources
44
Q

Supporting theory of Restorative Theory

A
  • Sleep activates growth and increase immunity
45
Q

Criticisms against Restorative Theory

A
  • People who are bed-ridden still experience same proportions of NREM sleep
  • Brain is active when replenishing
46
Q

Supporting theory of Evolutionary theory

A
  • Sleep conserves energy therefore hibernation is important when food is scarce
47
Q

Criticisms against Evolutionary theory

A
  • While asleep animals are vulnerable to predators

- Doesn’t explain why we must have so much sleep

48
Q

Characteristics of a sleep-wake cycle

A
  • Our bodies are tuned into a 24 hour sleep-wake cycle which is a regular circadian rhythm
  • Determined by our hypothalamus (internal body clock)
49
Q

Circadian phase disorders

A
  • Refers to a sleep disruption as a result of the internal circadian rhythm
  • Characterised by the inability to fall asleep or remain asleep
  • Caused by lifestyle, genetics, shift work
  • Can result in insomnia or social/occupational functioning
50
Q

Adolescence sleep wake cycle

A
  • During adolescents sleep/wake pattern shifts toward evening
  • Melatonin production can be delayed for up to 2 hours
  • Melatonin release is controlled by circadian rhythms/can be affected by light
51
Q

What is a dysomnia?

A
  • A problem getting to sleep or staying asleep, or excessive sleepiness
52
Q

What is a parasomnia?

A
  • Sleep disorders that involve abnormal movement
  • Emotions
  • Perceptions
  • Behaviours
  • Dreams
  • While asleep
  • Between stages or falling or waking from sleep
53
Q

Causes of insomnia

A
  • Emotional or social disturbances (death in the family, upcoming major event)
  • Medical problems
  • Excessive use of drugs and alcohol that disrupt sleep-wake cycle
54
Q

Cognitive behavioural therapy in treating insomnia

A
  • Refers to replacing unwanted thoughts with more desirable ones
  • Includes use of meditation, relaxation and visual imagery
55
Q

Parasomnia: sleep-walking

A
  • Involves walking while asleep or performing usual routine activities
  • Occur more in children or adults in high times of stress
  • Occurs in stage 3/4 NREM
56
Q

What is CBT-I?

A
  • CBT for insomnia
  • Assumes behaviours and cogntions influence sleep patterns
  • Aims to change

3/4 Psychology (7 decks)

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