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3/4 Psychology > Unit 3 AOS 1 > Flashcards

Unit 3 AOS 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Structure of a neuron

A
  • Dendrites
  • Soma
  • Nucleus
  • Myelin sheath
  • Axon
  • Axon terminals
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2
Q

Role of dendrite

A

Detects and receives information from neighbouring neurons

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3
Q

Role of soma

A

Integrates information received from dendrites

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4
Q

Role of axon

A

Carries neural impulses to terminal buttons

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5
Q

Role of myelin sheath

A

Acts as an electrical insulator and increases speed of signals

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6
Q

Role of axon terminals

A

Acts as an exit for neural messages to make their way to the next neuron

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7
Q

Role of terminal buttons

A
  • Release neurotransmitters into the synapse
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8
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Afferent and transmit information from the body to the brain

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9
Q

Motor neurons

A

Efferent and transmit information from the brain to the body

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10
Q

Interneurons

A

Communicate between sensory and motor neurons

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11
Q

Excitatory

A

Stimulates/activates post synaptic neurons to perform their functions
e.g. Glutamate

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12
Q

Inhibitory

A

Block/prevent post synaptic neurons from firing

e.g. Gaba

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13
Q

Neurotransmitters

A
  • Chemical substance produced by a neuron that carries messages to other neurons
  • Attach to receptor sites located on dendrites
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14
Q

CNS

A
  • Consists of the brain and spinal cord

- Receives info from PNS, processes it and then responds

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15
Q

PNS

A
  • Carries info from sensory organs and internal organs to CNS
  • Conveys info from CNS to muscles, organs and glands
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16
Q

PNS: Somatic nervous system

A
  • Within our conscious control

- Transmits info from receptor site to CNS and then to the muscle

17
Q

PNS: Autonomic

A
  • Unconscious control

- Regulates functioning of internal organs and glands

18
Q

ANS: Sympathetic nervous system

A
  • Releases adrenaline

- Activates fight, flight, freeze

19
Q

ANS: Parasympathetic nervous system

A
  • Returns body to a state of calm

- Maintains homeostasis

20
Q

Spinal reflex

A
  • Response initiated by neurons in the spinal cord instead of the brain
  • While spinal reflex is taking place sensory messages continue to the brain
  • Pain cannot be felt until the message reaches the brain
21
Q

Neural communication

A
  • Is an electro chemical process
22
Q

Communication witin neurons

A
  • Received by dendrites, initiated by the soma and travels along the axon towards the axon terminals
23
Q

Communication between neurons

A
  • A chemical process
  • Terminal button releases neurotransmitters once excited by the impulse
  • Travel across the synapse
  • Received by the dendrite of the post-synaptic neuron
24
Q

Role of neurtransmitter

A
  • Binds with its specific receptor on neighbouring dendrites and works as a lock and key process
25
Q

Type of neurotransmitters

A

Excitatory
- Excite the neuron to fire

Inhibitory
- To block/prevent the neuron from firing

26
Q

Glutamate

A
  • Excitatory

- Responsible for memory formation and learning

27
Q

GABA

A
  • Essential for normal neuron firing activity and motor movement
28
Q

What causes neurotransmitter interruption?

A
  • Imbalance in a particular type of neurotransmitter
  • Alcohol and drugs
  • Stress
29
Q

Side effects of neurotransmitter interruption?

A
  • Mental health disorders
  • Weight loss/gain
  • Immobility
  • Addiction
30
Q

What is parkinsons disease?

A
  • Progressive degeneration of the nervous system
31
Q

What causes parkinson?

A
  • Low levels of dopamine causing movement problems

- Low levels of GABA

32
Q

Dopamine

A
  • Important for pleasure, motivation and motor movement
33
Q

Seratonin

A
  • Important for stabilising mood

3/4 Psychology (7 decks)

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