Unit 3 AOS 2: Operant Conditiong (2) Flashcards
1
Q
What is operant conditioning?
A
- Learning process where the chance of a particular behaviour occurring depends on the consequence of the behaviour
2
Q
Characteristics of operant conditioning
A
- Behaviour strengthened if consequence is positive
- Behaviour weakened if consequence is negative
- Learner is active
3
Q
ABC Model
A
- A = Antecedent (discriminative stimulus) WHAT HAPPENED BEFORE?
- B = Behaviour (voluntary action) WHAT HAPPENS?
- C = Consequence (reinforcement) WHAT HAPPENS AFTER?
4
Q
What types of consequences are there?
A
- Reinforcement (desirable behaviour is encouraged with a few of strengthening it)
- Punishment (undesriable behaviour discouraged with a view of weakening it)
5
Q
What is a reinforcer?
A
- Stimulus that increases the likelihood of a response
6
Q
What is a positive reinforcer?
A
- Reward which strengthens the response
7
Q
What is a negative reinforcer?
A
- Removal of unpleasant stimulus
8
Q
What is a punisher?
A
- Any stimulus that decreases chance of a response
9
Q
What is positive punishment?
A
- Behaviour followed by a negative experience
10
Q
What is a response cost?
A
- Something desirable being removed
11
Q
Appropriateness of consequence
A
- Reinforcement such as a reward must actually be valued
- Punishment must be fair not too severe or it won’t be effectively linked with behaviour
12
Q
Characteristics of effectiveness of reinforcement
A
- Order of presentation
- Timing
- Appropriateness
13
Q
What is order of presentation?
A
- Reinforcement/punishment should always occur after a desired response
14
Q
What is timing?
A
- Punishment/reinforcement most effective immediately after response
15
Q
What is appropriateness?
A
- Need to take into account personal characteristics of person and situation before deciding whether stimulus will act as a reinforcer or punishment
