Unit 4 amsco

Question 1

What is a tariff?

Answer 1

Taxes

Question 2

What does each region of the U.S. think should happen about taxes?

Answer 2

-North wanted higher taxes to protect their companies from foreign competition.
-South pushed for lower tariffs to trade because they relied on exports of cotton and other crops.

Question 3

Why is the election of 1800 significant?

Answer 3

Provided the first election with a clear choice between political parties.

Question 4

What key decisions did Jefferson make regarding economic policy?

Answer 4

The Louisiana Purchase: negotiation with France of New Orleans and Louisiana for $15 million.

Question 5

What did Jefferson instruct American ambassadors to do during negotiations with the French? What offer did France then make to the U.S.?

Answer 5

To offer up to $10 million for both New Orleans and a strip of land extending from that port eastward to Florida.
If they failed, they were to discuss to Britain for an alliance with the US.
Napoleon’s ministers offered to sell New Orleans and Louisiana for $15 million bc they were seeking funds for the war against Britain.

Question 6

Why was Jefferson so torn about whether or not to accept the Louisiana Purchase?

Answer 6

It was a constitutional problem because it never stated that a president could purchase foreign land. He summited it to the Senate arguing that lands could be added to the US as an application of the president’s power to make treaties.

Question 7

What’s the significance of the Louisiana Purchase in U.S. history?

Answer 7

Doubled more than the size of the US.
Removed European presence from the nation’s borders.
Extended the western frontier to lands beyond the Mississippi.
Strength his hopes for the country to be farmer-based.
Showed the Federalist to be weak.

Question 8

The Marshall Court, specifically McCulloch v. MD (1819)

Answer 8

The court decided that the Federal Government had the right and power to set up a Federal bank and that states did not have the power to tax the Federal Government.

Question 9

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Answer 9

Asserted Congress’ authority to regulate interstate commerce based on the Commerce Clause. It set a precedent that Congress had the power to overturn state regulations if interstate commerce was involved.

Question 10

Marbury vs Madison-

Answer 10

affirmed concept of judicial review that Supreme Court has the final interpretation of meaning of the us constitution

Question 11

Henry Clay’s American System

Answer 11

Protect taxes
A national Bank
Internal improvements

Question 12

Tariff of 1816

Answer 12

The first tariff passed by Congress with an explicit function of protecting U.S. manufactured items from overseas competition. Prior to the War of 1812, tariffs had primarily served to raise revenues to operate the national government.

Question 13

Creation of the Second Bank of the United States

Answer 13

-Created after the charter of the first bank had expired in 1811.
-Bring stability to the national economy, serve as the depository for national funds, and provide the government with the means of floating loans and transferring money across the country.

Question 14

Panic of 1816

Answer 14

Financial panic
It happened after the second bank tightened credit to control inflation.
State banks closed, unemployment, bankruptcies, and imprisonment for debt.

Question 15

Missouri Compromise (also called the Compromise of 1820)

Answer 15

An Act to authorize the people of the Missouri territory to form a constitution and state government, and for the admission of such state into the Union on an equal footing with the original states, and to prohibit slavery in certain territories.

Question 16

Hartford Convention (1814)

Answer 16

The Hartford Convention was a meeting of New England Federalists held in Hartford Connecticut in December of 1814. These Federalists opposed the War of 1812 and the democratic-republican gov in Washington, they urged that the constitution be amended and that as a last resort, secession be voted upon.

Question 17

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Answer 17

The doctrine warned European nations that the United States would not tolerate further colonization or attempts by European powers to interfere in the affairs of any republic in the Western hemisphere.

Question 18

The Election of 1824

Answer 18

The House Representatives elected John Quincy Adams over his rival Andrew Jackson even though he gained more votes but he lacked in the electoral college. It was widely believed that Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced Congress to elect Adams, who then made Clay his Secretary of State. Jackson’s supporters denounced this as a “corrupt bargain”.

Question 19

Transcendentalism

Answer 19

A movement of writers and philosophers in New England who were loosely bound together to an idealistic system of thought based on a belief in the essential unity of all creation, artistic expression is more important than the pursuit of wealth, and the supremacy of insight over logic and experience for the revelation of the deepest truths about life and the universe

Question 20

New Schools of Painting

Answer 20

An art movement that focused on nature. Before this, Western artists portrayed nature as something wild that needed to be civilized. The Hudson River School artists portrayed humans and nature as coexisting.

Question 21

This idea of a “democratic” society was true. List some

Answer 21

WAS:
- The white majority had beliefs of equality, plus equal opportunities.
- Enslavement of African Americans was ignored and discrimination against non-whites.
- Equal opportunity was based on talent in the industry. “Self-made man”

Question 22

This idea of a “democratic” society wasn’t true. List some

Answer 22

WASN’T:
- No beliefs in “Self-made women”.
- There were restrictions legal and cultural that limited what women could do.

Question 23

Universal white male suffrage-

Answer 23

-Newly western states adopted the state constitutions that allowed all white males to vote and hold office.
-There were no religious or property qualifications.
- The east followed this– all white males could vote regardless of their social class or religion.
- Offices could be held by lower and middle ranks of society.

Question 24

Changes to party nominating conventions

Answer 24

-In the past office candidates were elected by state legislatures or kings caucus (a closed door meeting of political party leaders in Congress.
-This was replaced by nominating conventions. Party politicians and leaders united.
-Common people were able to participate.

Question 25

Popular election of electors

Answer 25

-Allowing voters to choose a state’s slate of prudential election.
-More democratic method.

Question 26

Rise of third parties

Answer 26

-More parties other than Demo-Rub and Whigs emerged.
-Anti- Masonic and The workingmen’s party
-These groups reached out to people who weren’t interested in politics.

Question 26

Popular campaigning

Answer 26

-Campaignings of candidates to interest the common people.
-Techniques began to form and caused masses
-Candidates restored to personal attacks and ignored issues.

Question 27

Spoils system

Answer 27

-Non demos were fired in office and replaced with loyal ones.
-Gov jobs in return for party loyalty called the spoils system.

Question 28

”rotation in office”

Answer 28

Rotation in office, limiting a person to one term in office, then to be appointed some replacement in their place.

Question 29

Historical perspective of Urban Works

Answer 29

-Argued that Jackson’s party relied on Eastern urban workers as much as Western farmers.
-This led to other democratic presidents being elected in the 1930s.

Question 30

Historical perspective of Cultural Influence

Answer 30

Argue that religion and ethnicity were more important than economic class in voting.

Question 31

Historical perspective of Economic clash

Answer 31

-Argued Jackson’s popularity was a reaction of subsistence farmers and urban workers against threatening forces of economic change.
-The market rev was happening and Jackson’s veto of the bank caused fears of the rise of capitalism.

Question 32

What happened during the election of 1824?

Answer 32

-The Democratic-Republican party splintered as 4 separate candidates sought the presidency.
-The House Representatives elected John Quincy Adams over his rival Andrew Jackson even though he gained more votes but he lacked in the electoral college.

Question 33

Election of 1824 nicknamed the “Corrupt Bargain?”

Answer 33

It was widely believed that Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced Congress to elect Adams, who then made Clay his Secretary of State.
Jackson’s supporters announced this as a “corrupt bargain”.

Question 34

Jackson’s use of veto power over infrastructure

Answer 34

-Jackson was opposed of the spending of federal money and national debt.
-He vetoed the use of federal money being spent to construct.

Question 35

Indian Removal Act

Answer 35

-Jackson signed a law that forced the resettlement of Natives west of the Mississippi River.
-Were eager to get more land.

Question 36

Worcester v. GA

Answer 36

The court said that GA had no rule within the Cherokee territory.

Question 37

Trail of Tears

Answer 37

Natives were forced to leave GA.
Negative for natives
Was a hard travel
Many deaths were caused.

Question 38

Tariff of Abominations & the Nullification Crisis

Answer 38

In theory, was unconstitutional
In theory, each state has the right to null to decide if they were to obey or oppose federal law.
Or they could declare it null or void (no effect).

Question 39

SC convention

Answer 39

Resolution to stop collecting taxes in states
Jackson united the military and perused Congress the Force bill

Question 40

Force bill

Answer 40

Jackson could act against SC.
Stated that nullification and disunion was treason.
SC stopped because Congress lowered tariffs and added adjustments.

Question 41

Opposition to anti-slavery efforts

Answer 41

Like the South, Jackson was alarmed about the growing antislavery movement in the North.

Question 42

What did jackson do about slavey.

Answer 42

-The Southern military had Jackson’s support.
-He used the executive power to stop antislavery literature from being sent in US mail.

Question 43

The Bank War

Answer 43

-Henry Clay challenged Jackson, convincing Congress to recharter the bank.
-Jackson vetoed it, arguing it was a monopoly and that it enriched the wealthy and foreigners.
-Jackson won the reelection.

Question 44

Pet banks

Answer 44

-Jackson withdrew federal funds attacking the bank.
-Then transferred all the money to state banks. Jackson critics call them Pet banks.

Question 45

Specie Circular

Answer 45

-The price of land and goods was inflated because of Jackson’s financial policies and purchases of western lands.
-This led to Jackson issuing a presidential order that all future purchases of Federal lands be made in gold and silver, but not paper banknotes which lost their value afterward.

Question 46

How did Jackson’s presidency change party politics and the two-party system in the 1830s and 1840s?

Answer 46

His supporters came together as the Democrats. While his rival’s supporters, Henry Clay, came together as Whigs. His choices on economic policies took a role when dividing the nation. Both parties sought to find what benefited them best in their different regions of states.