unit 3 amsco 3.7-3.10 Flashcards
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Federal order that divided the Northwest Territory into smaller territories and created a plan for how the territories could become states.
Land Ordinance of 1785
Congress established a policy for surveying and selling the western lands. The policy set aside one square mile section of land in each 36- 36-square-mile township for public education.
The Great Compromise
American government would have two houses in Congress: the Senate where each state has two Senators, and the House of Representatives where each state has a number of Representatives based on population
The Commercial compromise
was allowed to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, including placing tariffs on foreign imports but prohibited for placing taxes on exports.
common characteristics of state constitutions once we declared independence?
-List of rights
- Separation of powers
-Voting
-Office holding
national government under the Articles of Confederation was set up
One body Congress, was just the legislative branch that was given one vote, 9 out of 13 had to be passed at least for laws. Amending the articles was voted on anonymously. Committee of states, one representative of each state could make minor decisions when Congress was not in session.
the only three accomplishments of the U.S. government under the Articles?
- Independence( Washington army treaty of peace with Britain)
- Land of Ordinance of 1785
-Northwest Ordinance of 1787
major weaknesses/crises that the government could not adequately address under the Articles
Foreign Affairs:
Troubles in relations between the US and European powers
Brit had little respect for the US bc of depts.
The US is too weak to stop trade and British output in the western frontier.
Economic problems:
- Congress had no power to taxing power and asked for donations from the states.
- No dependable source of revenue to repay for the depts. The states also had unpaid debt.
- Limited credit and reduced foreign trade
——> economic depression
Internal conflicts:
- The states were rivals and competing for economic advantage
- Placed taxes and restrictions on the movement of goods across state lines.
- The national governor had no power to settle the states.
Shays Rebellion:
- A farmer led others to the uprising riots against high state taxes, improvement for dept, and lack of paper money.
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Federalism
a system with a strong but limited central government, powers dived between state and national governments
executive departments; cabinet
authorized by Constitution that president can appoint chiefs of departments as long as they are approved by Senate; 4 Heads of Departments; Secretary of State, secretary of treasury, secretary of war, attorney general
Judiciary Act of 1789
A law passed by the first Congress to establish the federal court system.
Philadelphia Convention (1787)
(Constitutional) The meeting of state delegates in 1787 in Philadelphia called to revise the Articles of Confederation. It instead designed a new plan of government, the US Constitution.
Separation of Powers
the division of power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government
Checks and Balances
A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power
4 important compromises made by the Founding Fathers in framing the Constitution?
-The Great Compromise
-The Three-Fifths Compromise
-The Commercial compromise
The Three-Fifths Compromise
three-fifths of the slave population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives.
Federalists
supported ratification of the constitution
(wanted a strong central government to maintain order and preserve the union.)
Anti-federalists
people who opposed the Constitution
(feared the government would be too strong)
Federalist Papers of James Madison
The Federalist Papers were written and published to urge New Yorkers to ratify the proposed United States Constitution.
What finally persuaded anti-federalists to ratify the Constitution (1787)?
In part to gain the support of the Anti-Federalists, the Federalists promised to add a bill of rights if the Anti-Federalists would vote for the Constitution.
Neutrality Proclamation
Issued by George Washington, it proclaimed America’s formal neutrality in the escalating conflict between England and France.
Jay’s Treaty
a surrender of the northwestern posts and a commercial treaty with Great Britain and United States. seriously restricted U.S. commercial access to the British West Indies.
Whiskey Rebellion
a violent tax protest on whiskey in the United States beginning in 1791 and ending in 1794 during the presidency of George Washington.
Washington’s Farewell Address
Was the retirement speech washington gave-
Do not get involved in Europen affairs.
Do not make “permanent alliances’ in foreign affairs.
Do not form political parties,
Do not fall into sectionalism.
XYZ Affair
An insult to the American delegation when they were supposed to be meeting French foreign minister, Talleyrand, but instead they were sent 3 officials Adams called “X,Y, and Z” that demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see Talleyrand.
Alien and Sedition Acts
acts passed by federalists giving the government power to imprison or deport foreign citizens. made it ilegal for newspaper editors to criticize either the president or the congress and imposed fines or imprisonment for editors who violated the law.
VA and KY Resolutions
Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.
Habeascorpus
right to be told the reason for arrest + face trial (Used a lot during the Civil War)
