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Pharmacology > unit 4 adrenergic bronchodiltors > Flashcards

unit 4 adrenergic bronchodiltors Flashcards

1
Q

lumen of airway reduced. can be due to bronchospasm, mucosal edema or secretions

A

bronhoconstriction

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2
Q

muscle constriction

A

bronchospasm

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3
Q

swelling

A

mucosal edema

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4
Q

occluded airways

A

airway secretions

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5
Q

what are some agents that will provide bronchospasm relief?

A
  • sympathomimetic
  • parasympatholytic agents
  • methylxanthines
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6
Q

what are some agents that will relieve mucosal edema?

A
  • alpha adrenergic agents

- corticosteroids

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7
Q

what are some agents the will relieve airway secretions?

A

mucolytic agents

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8
Q

bronchospasm always results in what?

A

bronchoconstriction

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9
Q

not all bronchoconstrictions is caused by what?

A

bronchospasm

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10
Q

what kind of bronchodilators would be needed for relaxation of airway smooth muscle in the presence of reversible airflow obstruction?

A

adrenergic bronchodilators

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11
Q

what would be some diseases that would indicate the need for adrenergic bronchodilators?

A
  • asthma
  • bronchitis
  • emphysema
  • bronchiectasis
  • other obstructive diseases
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12
Q

stimulation of B2 receptor, activation of Gs protein, release of adenylyl cyclase, synthesis of 3’5 cAMP would indicate what theory?

A

Beta receptor theory

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13
Q

in the beta receptor theory what does the synthesis of 3’5 cAMP do?

A
  • direct bronchodilation

- inhibit mast cell degranulation

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14
Q

Name the three ultra short acting agents?

A
  • epinephrine
  • racemic epinephrine
  • isoetharine
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15
Q

in what kind of situation would ultra short acting agents be used in ?

A

emergency situations

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16
Q

all ultra short acting agents are catecholamine what is the duration it last?

A

less than 3 hours

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17
Q

what medication is used for 1st line treatment for anesthesia induced post op ghasping?

A

Vaponepherine

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18
Q

what are 5 short acting agents?

A
  • metaproterenol
  • albuterol
  • pirbuterol
  • levabuterol
  • bitolterol
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19
Q

what are indications that a short acting agent need to be used?

A

Acute reversible obstruction

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20
Q

how long does a short acting rescue agent usually last?

A

4 to 6 hours

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21
Q

what is an example of a Resorcinal and is available as a nebulizer?

A

metaproterenol

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22
Q

what are 3 examples of a Saligenin?

A
  • Albuterol
  • pirbuterol
  • levabuterol
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23
Q

what are 3 long acting agents?

A
  • salmererol
  • formoterol
  • Arformoterol
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24
Q

what kind of agents would you use to maintenance bronchodilation and control of bronchospasm and nocturnal symptoms in asthma or other obstructive diseases?

A

long acting “controller” agents

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25
Q

what agent is usually given with anti-inflammatory medications?

A

Long acting agents

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26
Q

what is the duration of a long acting agent?

27
Q

enzyme found in liver and kidneys degrades catechols and is short acting? metabolized buy what?

28
Q

unsuitable for oral administration because they are inactivated in the gut and liver?

A

catecholamines

29
Q

what is stored in an amber colored bottle or a foil protected wrapper because its inactivated by heat light or air?

A

racemic epinephrine or catecholamines

30
Q

what color of rainout in the nebulizer or patients secretions would indicate aerosols of catecholamines?

A

may be pink

31
Q

catecholamines inactive by heat or light and is a phenomenon know as what?

A

beta blockade

32
Q

what are some side effects for catecholamines?

A
  • tachycardia
  • hypertension
  • tremor
  • glycogenesis
  • CNS stimulation
33
Q

what are three naturally occurring catecholamines?

A
  • epinephrine
  • dopamine
  • norepinephrine
34
Q

what are two man made catecholamines?

A
  • isoproterenol

- isoetharine

35
Q

Natural epinephrine isomers occurs where?

A

R isomer or the( L,-) levo

36
Q

Man made epinephrine, albuterol and salmeterol is a 50:50 racemic mixture of what?

A

(R) and (S) sinister

37
Q

(S) sinister is also known as what?

A

(D, + ) dextro

38
Q

why are isomers mirror images of themselves?

A

because they rotate light in opposite directions

39
Q

is the single (R) isomer form of racemic albuterol and contains no (S) isomer?

A

Levalbuterol

40
Q

ultra short acting epinephrine, racemic epinephrine, isoetharine lack —— but have lots of cardiac effects

A

B2 specificity

41
Q

how is epinephrine administered in emergency situations? it is a alpha and beta

A

inhalation or injection not to be given by mouth

42
Q

used for adrenergic vasoconstriction effects also used to dectease airway swelling after extubation, during epiglottitis, croup, nasal swelling or to control airway bleeding what are 3 racemic epinephrines?

A
  • vaponefrin
  • microNefrin
  • asthmaNefrin
43
Q

the larger the catecholamine side chain the more —–specific?

44
Q

is a short acting resorcinol agent used for premature labor and is oral or injection?

A

Terbutaline

45
Q

what is the peak effect for short acting agents?

A

30 to 60 minutes

46
Q

what is the onset of short acting agents?

A

5 to 8 minutes

47
Q

Albuterol contains what isomer?

A

both (R) and (S)

48
Q

levalbuterol (xopenex) is available as MDI and nebulizer solution what is the doses?

A
  1. 31mg/3mL
  2. 63mg/3mL
  3. 25mg/3mL
  4. 25 mg/0.5 mL concentrate
49
Q

what are some effects of (S) ?

A
  • slower metabolism than (R)
  • enhances airway responsiveness
  • activity is blocked by atropine
50
Q

long acting agents such as salmeterol, formoterol, and Arformoterol are they saligenin, resorcinol or catecholamines?

A

Saligenins

51
Q

extended release albuterol vospire is available in tablet for in what mg? and activity time?

A
  • 4 or 8 mg tablet

- 8 to 12 hours activity time

52
Q

what is the bronchodilator salmeterol (serevent) peak bronchodilating effect? and the duration?

A
  • 3 to 5 hours- peak effect

- duration 12 hours

53
Q

formoterol (foradil) is used for asthma, exercise induced bronchospasm and copd what is the peak effect and the duration?

A
  • peak effect- 3 minutes

- 12 hours duration

54
Q

Arformoterol is also known as what?

55
Q

Arformoterol is single isomer version of the long acting dry power inhaled formoterol power approved for what type of patient?

56
Q

Ultra long DPI used once daily in Europe only for COPD?

A

Indacaterol

57
Q

a receptor what mode of action?

A

vasoconstriction of lungs and blood vessels

58
Q

B1 receptor what mode of action?

A

increased heart rate and contractile force

59
Q

B2 receptor what mode of action?

A

relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle , bronchodialation of lungs and blood vessels

60
Q

Binds to —rectptor, ultimately causing increased synthesis of cAMP

A

B receptor activation

61
Q

inhibits release of neurotransmitter from presynaptic neuron, but may also lower synthesis of intracellular cAMP?

A

a receptor activation

62
Q

a1 receptor activation release agonists such as what?

A
  • phenylephrine

- Epinephrine

63
Q

what drugs are lipophilic (stick to receptor site) and approaches B receptor laterally?

A
  • salmeterol
  • formoterol
  • Arformoterol
64
Q

continuous nebulization is generally how many mg/hour?

A

10 to 15 mg/hour

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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