Chapter 10 Surfactants

Question 1

Natural surfactant is secreted by what?

Answer 1

type II cells

Question 2

At what point in gestation do fetus begin making surfactant?

Answer 2

27 weeks

Question 3

Surfactant is used to treat what condition?

Answer 3

respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn

Question 4

Define/describe surface tension

Answer 4

force caused by attraction between like molecules that occurs at liquid-gas interface and hold the liquid surface intact

Question 5

Who’s law governs surface tension?

Answer 5

LaPlace’s law- Pressure= (4x ST/R) BUT IN ALVEOLI IT IS Pressure= 2x ST/R

Question 6

The higher the surface tension of the liquid the _____ is the compression force inside the alveolus, which can cause collapse or difficulty in opening the alveolus

Answer 6

greater

Question 7

The higher the surface tension of the liquid the greater is the compression force inside the alveolus, which can cause ___ or difficulty in opening the alveolus

Answer 7

collapse

Question 8

How is surfactant administered?

Answer 8

“bag” it in and then turn the baby

Question 9

What are the clinical indications for the administration of exogenous surfactants?

Answer 9

prevention of ARDS in low birth weight babies OR infants with higher birth weights but with evidence of immature lungs who are at risk of ards OR rescue treatment for infants who have developed ARDS

Question 10

Where is surfactant stored?

Answer 10

stored in vesicles termed lamellar bodies

Question 11

What is the stimulus for surfactant to be secreted?

Answer 11

lung inflation

Question 12

Surfactant has an alveolar half life of how long?

Answer 12

10 to 15 hours

Question 13

Name three types of exogenous surfactant preparations

Answer 13

natural/modified
synthetic
synthetic natural

Question 14

What is the most commonly used surfactant agent?

Answer 14

poractant alpha

Question 15

What is the birthweight of babies where surfactant use is indicated?

Answer 15

1250 g birth weight

Question 16

What are the steps to administer surfactants

Answer 16

do not shake

let stand at room temp for 20 minutes

Question 17

An unlabeled use for surfactant would be?

Answer 17

severe meconium aspiration syndrome in term infants; respiratory failure caused by group b streptococcal infection of neonates

Question 18

What is the mode of action of surfactant?

Answer 18

Replace and replinish deficient endogenous surfactant pool in neonates with RDS

Question 19

Surfactant will cause a(n) _______in FRC

Answer 19

increase

Question 20

Surfactant will do what to lung compliance?

Answer 20

increase

Question 21

What are hazards and complications of surfactant therapy?

Answer 21

airway occlusion, desaturation and bradycardia;
high PaO2 values
overventilation
hypocarbia
apnea
pulmonary hemorrhage
baurotrauma or O2 toxicity

Question 22

What should be monitored when giving surfactant therapy?

Answer 22

pulse
cardiac rhythm
signs of airway occclusion
color/activity level
chest rise
arterial oxygen saturation