Unit 4 Flashcards
practice paragraphs like : 1. what led to Renaissance, how Renaissance impacted...
Petrarch
- was a scholar and poet of the early Italian Renaissance
- believed that humanity could once more reach the heights of past accomplishments
- nicknamed “humanism”
Greco-Roman World
- many Greek and Roman ideas and concepts became popular.
- fancy word for Greco-Roman is “classicism”
Renaissance
= Rebirth
: Period between 1450-1650 in which Western Europe Seas increase in —>
1. Trade
2. New ideas
3. New technology
PART 2
- a period of time that followed in the Middle Ages, circa 1350-1600 C.E.
Middle Ages nickname
Dark Ages
- because of a supposed lack of scientific and cultural advancement
Medici Family
- a powerful, rich family from Florence that funded artists, architects, and scientists
- The Medici family got their money from the Medici bank, which financed merchants, etc.
Recall of Middle Ages
POLITICAL
- no centralized government
- The Pope/Roman Catholic Church added as a de-fecto gov’t
ECONOMIC
- Economic system —> Manorialism
- Land = Power
- Little to no trade between manors.
SOCIAL
- social system —> feudalism
- most people were Roman Catholic
GEOGRAPHIC CONTEXT
The Italian City States were located in Southern Europe. The Mediterranean Sea allowed the city-states to get a lot of trade and resources which made them wealthy. Their wealth started golden age.
FACTS (1)
VENICE
After various disasters after the fall of Rome, Venice became a dependency of the Byzantine Empire, It became a great trading and maritime power. It greatly benefited from its role in the Crusades, it became the wealthiest city with the largest navy and equitable laws.
FACTS (2)
FLORENCE
Florence was a Republic where a constitution limited the power of the nobility and ensured that no one could have complete political control. Very small percentage of the population had the vote.
FACTS (3)
Art and other Renaissance pursuits
became a beacon of humanist ideas
Circa
around, about..
circa 1300 hundreds
Humanism
- philosophy that states all humans have potential.
Secularism
- separation of religion from everyday affairs.
Classicism
- study of Greek and Roman literature, art and architecture.
Individualism
- beliefs that individuals are independent and free thinking.
Skepticism
- questioning all beliefs and knowledge.
Compare and contrast the Middle Ages with the Italian Renaissance.
- The Middle Ages and the Renaissance were similar in many ways. For example, in both time periods the Roman Catholic Church played an important role in everything life.
However, these periods were different because the architecture in the Renaissance war based on Greco-Roman styles instead of Gothic.
Machiavelli
- An Italian historian, politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist and writer
- founder of modern political science
The Prince
- written by Machiavelli as a guide for new royals
- described how to acquire power, create a state and keep it
- based on his own experience as a foreign secretary in Province
What were the historical circumferences that led Machiavelli to write the Prince?
- What led to Machiavelli writing the Prince was the Medici family taking control of Florence and torturing and exiling him.
What was Machiavelli’s point of view regarding power?
- Machiavelli believed that leaders needed to be feared and not loved. His quote : “the end justify the means”
ends=goal, means=how you get it
Italian Renaissance
- began in Italy in the 14th century (1300s)
- Mediterranean Sea = trade routes = wealth= new education and arts
- began in Italy due to its location along Mediterranean Sea
Northern Renaissance
- 1400s the ideas and innovations of the Renaissance began to spread from Italy to other parts of Europe like Netherlands
- Monarchs became patrons (supporters of the arts
- fewer Greco-Roman ideas
- look to Christianity for inspiration
- focus on daily life
One way in which the writers of the Renaissance were influenced by the writers of ancient Greece was that the Renaissance writers …
- were stressed the power of human reason
Which factor contributed to the beginning of the Renaissance in Italian cities
- access to important trade routes
Which statement best expresses an idea held by many Renaissance humanist philosophers
- people should study world subjects as well as sacred matters
The Renaissance in western Europe is best described as a period marked by
- great intellectual and artistic creativity
Indulgences
- were pieces of paper issued by the Catholic Church that forgave sins.
- Catholic church cold indulgences to raise money to fund buildings and churches.
- implied that the rich can buy their way to heaven while the poor can’t
Martin Luther
-Became a Catholic monk in 1507 CE
- frustrated with the price of indulgences
- excommunication after he refused to take 95 these down
95 Theses
in 1517, the leader wrote his 95 Theses where he expressed his outrage with the actions of church
- printing press allowed to spread 95 theses
- encouraged others to question the power of catholic church
Historical Circumferences
- What led to the Protestant Reformation was that in 1517 Martin Luther wrote 95 Theses that argued about church and Pope lying to their followers about indulgences and holding too much power. As a result, he was excommunicated but he encouraged others to question the power of Catholic Church.
Henry the 8th wives
Catherine of Aragon - DIVORCED
Anne Boleyn - BEHEADED
Jane Seymour - DIED
Anne of Cleves - DIVORCED
Catherine Howard - BEHEADED
Catherine Parr - SURVIVED
