Early Civilizations Exam Flashcards
test 2
Geographic Context
Geographic Context—refers to where this historical development/event is taking place and why it is taking place there
Geographic Context - identifying the location, features, and impact of a place to explain how that might have affected the outcome of an event.
To make a geographic location:
step 1: identify location
Step 2: identify geographic features
step 3:identify how it hurts or help by impact
This civilizations is located in/near…./ Some of the features it has in its area are:…… The features impact/hurt/help this civilization because…./by….
The location impacted the civilization because/by/how…..
Agriculture
farming
Ancient Egypt
(3000-2000 BCE) an early river valley civilization established on the Nile River
Babylonian Empire
(1895-539 BCE) empire in Mesopotamia; Hammurabi was one of its rulers
civilization
an advanced state of development of a society as judged by such things as having a system of government and laws, using a written language, and keeping written records
Code of Hammurabi
a law code enacted by Hammurabi, the king of Babylonia around 1772 BC
corroborate
to compare pieces of evidence to see where they agree or disagree.
domesticate
to change a wild plant or animal so it can be grown or raised by humans; to tame
domestication
the process of changing a wild plant or animal so it can be grown or raised by humans
early river valley civilization
the first civilizations in human history which were located in river valleys
fertile
able to produce farm crops or other plant life
Fertile Crescent
the area of land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in the Middle East, also known as Mesopotamia, where the first human civilizations emerged
geographic feature
naturally occurring landforms, bodies of water, or ecosystems
historical circumstances
the events that led to an event; includes the time period and larger historical trends as well as causes
historical context
the events that led to an event; includes the time period and larger historical trends as well as causes
Indus River Valley Civilization
(2500-1700 BCE) an early river valley civilization located in the present-day countries of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India that included the cities Mohenjo-daro and Harappa
innovate
to make changes by introducing new methods, ideas, or products
innovation
a new method of addressing a problem
irrigation
the act of supplying water to land or crops
law code
a set of laws
Mediterranean Sea
a body of water connected to the Atlantic Ocean which is nearly surrounded by Africa, Asia, and Europe
Mesopotamia
(3500-1650 BCE) a region in the Middle East between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers where the first early river valley civilizations started
Middle East
a region in Western Asia that includes parts of northern Africa and borders the Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea and Arabian Sea
Neolithic Revolution
(starting in 10,000 BCE) a turning point in history that changed the way Paleolithic people lived their lives. People shifted from hunting and gathering for food to agriculture. Instead of living as nomads, people settled down in permanent settlements. The Neolithic Revolution led to the first civilizations.
nomad
a person who lives a nomadic lifestyle, moving from one place to another following food sources
Paleolithic
having to do with the Paleolithic Period, or Old Stone Age, the time period from 2 million B.C.E. to about 10,000 B.C.E., characterized by the use of stone tools
river valley
the area of land nearby and parallel to a river
settlement
a place where people start a new place to live
Shang China
(3950-1500 BCE) an early river valley civilization in China established on the Huang He (Yellow) River
social class
a grouping of people in a society based usually based on wealth, religion, ethnicity, or other factors
technology
the collection of tools, including machinery, modifications, arrangements and procedures used by humans
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
rivers in the Middle East that form the region called Mesopotamia where the first civilizations were established
turning point
an event that leads to lasting change
Turning Point- Identifying an event or time period which leads to great change.
Purpose
PIE
1. persuade is like to convince us of an opinion/argument
2. Inform (convey/explain facts)
3. Entertain (make us laugh or feel bemused at a fact)
Purpose model response
King Hammurabi’s purpose for creating the Code of Hammurabi was to inform the citizens of Babylon of the laws and punishments for breaking them. This law code was meant to maintain order in his society.
polytheism
a belief in or worship of more than one god
Subcontinent
a large, distinguishable part of a continent, such as North America or southern Africa.
A subcontinent is part of a larger continent, made up of a number of countries that form a large mass of land.
pharaoh
As ancient Egyptian rulers, pharaohs were both the heads of state and the religious leaders of their people. The word “pharaoh” means “Great House,” a reference to the palace where the pharaoh resides. While early Egyptian rulers were called “kings,” over time, the name “pharaoh” stuck.
monsoon
Warm water in the ocean evaporates, rising into the air. This causes the wind to change direction and moisture blows toward the land in countries such as India and Sri Lanka. The warm, moist air then condenses and becomes rain. The result is a period of humidity and heavy rainfall that can last for months.
shaduf
A shaduf is a hand-operated device for lifting water which was invented in ancient times and is still used in Egypt.
papyrus
is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing surface.
cuneiform
cuneiform, system of writing used in the ancient Middle East. The name, a coinage from Latin and Middle French roots meaning “wedge-shaped,” has been the modern designation from the early 18th century onward. Cuneiform was the most widespread and historically significant writing system in the ancient Middle East.
an ancient system of writing formed in ancient middle east
was created by the sumerians.
irrigation system
irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil through various systems of tubes, pumps, and sprays. Irrigation is usually used when natural water sources and rain are not sufficient to provide plant water demand and in areas where rainfall is irregular or dry times or drought is expected.
mandate of heaven
The Zhou created the Mandate of Heaven: the idea that there could be only one legitimate ruler of China at a time, and that this ruler had the blessing of the gods. They used this Mandate to justify their overthrow of the Shang, and their subsequent rule.
The Zhou created the Mandate of Heaven: the idea that there could be only one legitimate ruler of China at a time, and that this ruler had the blessing of the gods. They used this Mandate to justify their overthrow of the Shang, and their subsequent rule.
Autocracy
Autocracy - a form of government in which a single person has complete, or absolute power.
Therocracy
Theocracy - a system of government in which a religious leader rules, or where the leader imposes religious beliefs on the people.
social hierarchy
Social class hierarchies, for example, categorize individuals based on economic status, occupation, and education. These hierarchies influence access to resources, opportunities, and social capital.
Yangtze/Huang He
The Yellow River (Huang He), with a length of 3,395 miles (5,464 kilometres), is China’s second longest river—surpassed only by the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang). Its drainage basin is the third largest in China, with an area of some 290,000 square miles (750,000 square kilometres).
Achievements
Achievements are things you did that had a lasting impact for your company or client. It is a result that you personally bring about while fulfilling a particular role. Typically they are things that you created, built, designed, sold or initiated.
Hieroglyphics
hieroglyphic writing, system that employs characters in the form of pictures. Those individual signs, called hieroglyphs, may be read either as pictures, as symbols for objects, or as symbols for sounds.
history
History - History is the study of the past. We learn history through looking at evidence.
artifacts
Artifacts-man made objects that are used to tell the story of the past.
primary source
Primary source - A primary source is an object that came from a particular time period or event, and helps to inform about life during that time or event.
secondary source
Secondary source- A secondary source is written by a person (or group of people) who did not experience that time period or event.
G.R.A.P.E.S.
Geography
What was the geographic context of Mesopotamia?
Religion
What role did religion play in the lives of Ancient Mesopotamians?
Achievements
What were the achievements of Ancient Mesopotamia and how did they improve their lives?
Politics
What role did the government play in Ancient Mesopotamia? How was it structured?
Economics
What was the economy like in Ancient Mesopotamia? What kinds of goods were traded?
Society
Overall, what were some aspects of life/everyday people in Ancient Mesopotamia?
