Global Final Flashcards
Who studies the world in which humans live?
Social scientists
Social scientists encompass various disciplines including history, geography, economics, and anthropology.
What do historians study?
Written records of past events
Historians analyze documents and artifacts to understand historical contexts.
What do geographers examine?
Earth’s surface and its impact on humans
Geographers study topography, climate, human migrations, and adaptations.
What are the two types of maps geographers often examine?
- Political Maps
- Physical Maps
Political maps show borders and cities, while physical maps depict land features.
What do economists study?
How societies use available resources
Economists focus on production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
What three questions do economists often ask about civilizations?
- What goods and services are produced?
- How are goods and services produced?
- How are goods and services distributed?
These questions help understand economic systems and resource allocation.
What do anthropologists study?
Past and present human cultures
This includes the analysis of social structures, customs, and artifacts.
What is a primary source?
A firsthand record of a historical event created by an eyewitness
Examples include diaries, photographs, and artifacts.
What is a secondary source?
A secondhand record of a historical event created by someone who did NOT experience it
Examples include textbooks and encyclopedias.
What type of anthropologist examines the culture of past human societies?
Archaeologists
Archaeologists analyze physical remains to gain insights into historical cultures.
What is the Neolithic Age also called?
The Neolithic Age is also called the ‘New Stone Age.’
What key development marked the Neolithic Age?
Humans first discovered how to perform agriculture and domesticate animals for food and drink.
What lifestyle change occurred during the Neolithic Age?
Humans switched from being nomads to being settled farmers who lived in permanent villages.
What did farming create during the Neolithic Age?
Farming created a steady food supply, known as a food surplus.
What did the permanent villages of the Neolithic Age eventually turn into?
The permanent villages eventually turned into civilizations.
Why is the development of farming during the Neolithic Age significant?
It is often called the ‘Neolithic Revolution’ due to its importance for humans.
What defines a civilization?
A civilization is a complex and highly organized society that includes a government, social classes, job specialization, a food surplus, writing, and religious beliefs.
When did civilizations develop?
Civilizations developed soon after humans discovered farming and settled down in permanent villages during the Neolithic Age.
Where did the first civilizations develop?
The first civilizations developed around 3000 B.C. in river valleys.
Why did civilizations develop in river valleys?
River valleys had favorable geography, including fertile soil from flooding, irrigation opportunities, and transportation.
Name some early river valley civilizations.
Early river valley civilizations developed around the Nile, Tigris, Euphrates, Indus, Yellow, and Yangtze Rivers.
What are the characteristics of Ancient Egypt?
Location: Northeastern Africa; Major River: Nile River; Developed hieroglyphics and constructed pyramids.
What are the characteristics of Mesopotamia (Sumer)?
Location: Middle East; Major Rivers: Tigris and Euphrates; Developed cuneiform and the Code of Hammurabi.