Unit 4 - 1800 to 1848 Flashcards
Market Revolution
American People, Entrepreneurs
Major economic transformation as the result of the transportation revolution, commercialization, and industrialization.
United States, Primarily in the North
1800 to 1840
Movement from an agrarian republic to an industrialized and commercial nation. Changed middle class. Divide between rich and poor widened.
Marbury v. Madison
William Marbury, James Madison, John Marshall
Midnight judges instated by Adams; Secretary of State Madison refuses to deliver commission; Marbury sues.
United States
1803
Established the power of the Supreme Court and Judicial Review: The Court has the duty and responsibility to declare a law constitutional, but cannot enforce it.
American System
Henry Clay (Republican from Kentucky), James Madison
New national bank, tariff on imported goods, and Federal financing of roads and canals. Madison vetoes funds for roads and canals, but other two pass.
United States
1816 to 1830
Government sponsored economic development (economic nationalism). Establishes new industries; thus, in turn, reduces American dependence on foreign produced goods.
Missouri Compromise
Slave States and Free States
Missouri added as a slave state, Maine as free state. Line established by Congress dictates states of slavery added in the future.
United States, Missouri, Maine, 36’30 line
1820
Senate stayed balanced between free states and slave states.
Monroe Doctrine
John Quincy Adams, James Monroe
Proclamation issued stating that western hemisphere was closed off to further European colonization.
United States
1823
U.S lacked the strength to enforce this proclamation. Enforced by Britain. “Big bark from small dog”
Second Great Awakening
Southerners: slaves, white owners, Finney, Cartwright
Religious revival begins in the Burned Out District of New York and spread south amongst slaves and white southerners. Leads to new Protestant sects.
New York, Southern States
1790s to 1840s
Created a distinctly African American brand of Christianity, which was used by slave owners to control their slaves.
Indian Removal Act
Andrew Jackson, Congress, Southern Native American tribes
Relocation of Native American tribes either by purchase of land, or by force if necessary.
Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida to Oklahoma
1828 to 1854
Jackson ignores two SCOTUS decisions that ruled that Native American tribes were “domestic dependent nations”. Led to the Trail of Tears.
Nat Turner’s Rebellion
Nat Turner
An armed rebellion of enslaved people led by Nat Turner.
Virginia
1831
Ultimately unsuccessful. Turner was executed. Organized emancipation efforts dwindled and harsher punishments were instituted toward enslaved peoples.
Nullification Crisis
South Carolina, Andrew Jackson, John Calhoun
South Carolina responds negatively to the Tariff of 1832 and nullifies it. Jackson issues Force Bill. Eventually a compromise was reached with Tariff of 1833. South Carolina ends nullification, but nullifies the Force Bill to spite Jackson.
South Carolina, United States
1832 to 1833
States rights, economic downturn
Bank War
Andrew Jackson, Nicholas Biddle, Henry Clay
Jackson opposed the rechartering of the Second Bank of the United States. Vetoes bill.
United States
1832
Effectively ended the American System. Led to the formation of the Whigs who were opposed to Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party.
Second American System
Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, Democrats, Whigs
Term used to describe the party system during Jacksonian era
United States
1828 to 1854
Reflected and shaped the political, social, and cultural attitudes that existed during Jacksonian era.
Seneca Falls Convention
Women, Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Women’s rights convention
Seneca Falls, Upstate New York
1848
First women’s rights convention. Resulted in Declaration of Sentiments. Part of national reform response to Market Revolution.
