Unit 3 - 1754 to 1800 Flashcards
Salutary Neglect
British, Colonists
British Policy under which trade regulations for the colonies were laxly enforced and imperial supervision of internal colonial affairs was loose as long as the colonies remained loyal to the British and contributed to its economic profitability.
North American colonies
1607 to 1763
Salutary neglect contributed involuntarily to the increasing autonomy of colonial legal and legislative institutions, which ultimately led to American independence.
Albany Plan of Union
Benjamin Franklin, Native Americans, Albany Congress Representatives
Franklin attempted to pass a plan of intercolonial cooperation for defense. Final proposal was initially favored but shot down due to fears of losing power.
Albany, New York
1754
Demonstrated diverse interests and sectionalism. First attempt at unification. Not unification.
French and Indian War
British, British Colonists, French, Native Americans
Vicious conflict over the Ohio River Valley between the British and the French. Both sides had Native American allies. Resulted in loss of all French Power in North America.
Ohio River Valley, between French and British colonies
1754 to 1763
Signaled end of French power. Native Americans lost ability to play European powers off each other. Resulted in some colonial unity and nationalism, set the stage for the American Revolution because of effects — British debt, troops remain, etc. Major shifting of property.
Pontiac’s Rebellion
Pontiac, General Thomas Gage
Ottowa Chief, Pontiac, led an uprising in the wake of the French and Indian War to oppose British expansion into West Ohio Valley. Led to Proclamation of 1763. Use of smallpox blankets against Native Americans at Fort Pitt.
Great Lakes Region, Michigan
1763
Demonstrates the difference in Native American relations between English and French. NAI loss of agency. Viability of NAI alliances in struggle against European expansion in question. Contributed to deteriorating relations between Great Britain and the colonies. Led to the formation of vigilante groups such as the Paxton Boys.
Sons of Liberty, Daughters of Liberty
American Colonists
Sons used threats, protests, and acts of violence to intimidate those loyal to the British crown, and make their grievances clear to the British. They helped organize and carry out the Boston Tea Party. Daughters bolstered the cause by staging boycotts and producing homemade versions of products affected by non-importation.
American Colonies
1765 to 1776
Sons and Daughters of Liberty were influential in orchestrating effective resistance movements against British rule in colonial America on the eve of the Revolution, primarily against what they perceived as unfair taxation and financial limitations imposed upon them.
Stamp Act
Parliament, Sons of Liberty, Colonists
Tax on all legal and official papers and publications circulating in the colonies.
Colonies, Great Britain, Boston
1765
To raise revenue and pay off debt accumulated for the French and Indian War. Colonists use non-importation to hurt Britain. Act was repealed in 1766 along with passing of Declaratory Act. Increases tension between Britain and the colonists, who claim they cannot be taxed without representation in Parliament.
Republican Motherhood
Abigail Adams, Women
Attitude toward women’s roles present in the emerging United States before, during, and after the American Revolution. It centered on the belief that the patriots’ daughters should be raised to uphold the ideals of republicanism, in order to pass on republican values to the next generation.
Early United States
Early 18th Century
Reinforced the idea of a domestic women’s sphere separate from the public world of men; however, it also encouraged the education of women and invested their “traditional” sphere with a dignity and importance that had been missing from previous conceptions of Women’s work.
Coercive Acts
Parliament and Colonists
Series of acts that put an unnecessary strain on colonists, such as the Administration of Justice, Quartering Act, etc.
British Colonies in the Americas
1774
To punish the colonies especially Boston after the Tea Party, confirms colonial fears that Great Britain wants to destroy American liberty. This unifies the colonies to a great extent. Other colonies come to the aid of Boston.
Articles of Confederation
Second Continental Congress, Representatives from the 13 original states of the United States.
Agreement among the 13 original states that served as its constitution.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Created in 1777; Ratified 1781.
Original constitution of the United States. Framed to to preserve the independence and sovereignty of the states. Failed due the lack of a strong central government. Eventually replaced by the U.S. Constitution.
Northwest Ordinance
Congress of the Confederation
Act chartered a government for the Northwest Territory, provided a method for admitting new states to the Union from the territory, and listed a bill of rights guaranteed in the territory.
Northwest Territory (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota)
July 13, 1787
Established the precedent by which the federal government would be sovereign and expand westward with the admission of new states, rather than with the expansion of existing states. Prohibition of slavery set the stage for later conflicts during the 19th century until Civil War.
Shay’s Rebellion
Daniel Shays, Indebted Farmers
Armed march to courthouse attempting to shut the debtor’s prison. Banks were repossessing their farms and property.
Massachusetts
1787
Country in depression because of inflation induced by over-printing of money. Rebellion put down by privately hired guards. Showed the inability of the government formed by the Articles of Confederation to deal with crises.
Great Compromise
Congress: small states v. large states, James Madison
Creates a Bicameral legislature, compromise between Virginia and New Jersey Plans
United States
1787
Compromise between the large and small states, North and South, commerce and slavery
Federalist Papers
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay
Collection of essays that supported ratification of the Constitution
United States
1788
Division between Federalists and Anti-federalists. Addressed fears about the Constitution. Stated that it would strengthen the government and preserve natural rights.
Hamilton’s Economic Plan
Alexander Hamilton, George Washington, Angry Farmers
Set of measures. Assumption of state and federal debt. Establish a national bank. Encourage manufacturing in the United States through taxation
United States
1790
First real test of opposition to federal power. Reinforced the lines drawn between Federalists and Anti-federalists resulting in the formation of the first political parties. Strengthen the federal government’s role in the national economy.
Jay’s Treaty
British Government, U.S. Government
Great Britain was to withdraw all ships from U.S. territory, U.S. to pay debt incurred before the Revolution, dual “most favored nation” status, opposed by Thomas Jefferson.
United States
1794
Averted war with Great Britain over impressment (seizure of U.S. ships); required passage of the Pinckney treaty to appease Democratic-Republicans
