Unit 2 - 1607 to 1754 Flashcards
Pueblo Revolt
Pueblo Indians, Pope, and Spanish
Native rebellion against Spanish overlords, killed over 400 and drove out 2000 settlers. Took 12 years for the Spanish to reconquer the area.
Mexico, American Southwest
1680
Most effective instance of Native American resistance to colonization. Rejected Catholicism and killed priests; return to traditional religious practices
Virginia Company
London investors, and British explorers
Joint stock company formed to establish the Jamestown colony.
Jamestown
1607
First successful British settlement in North America. As a corporation, empowered to govern themselves, established the precedent of self-government.
City Upon a Hill
John Winthrop and Puritans
Speech given on ship Arbella. Stated that colony would be a city on a hill watched by the world
Boston, Massachusetts
1630
Model of Christian charity for Puritans. Beginning of American exceptionalism. Referenced by future U.S. presidents: John F. Kennedy and Reagan. Centrality of religion.
Ann Hutchinson
[Completed]
Roger Williams and John Cotton
Puritan banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony for heresy in 1637. She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. Real issue was gender roles, not religious heresy.
Massachusetts Bay
1637
Challenged colonial gender roles and Church authority. Led to the foundation of more tolerant colonies like Rhode Island (founded with Roger Williams). Ideas contributed to framework of separation of church and state in the Constitution.
King Philip’s War
British, and NAI led by Metacom
War over land encroachment by British colonists
New England
1675 to 1676
Destroys the power of the native tribes. Continual disputes will be over land. Most destructive war in U.S.History in regard to population.
Frame of Government
[Completed]
William Penn
Written constitution for Pennsylvania colony that supported religious tolerance, and fair trade with Native Americans
Pennsylvania
1682
Laws established in accordance with Penn’s Quaker beliefs. Reflected Enlightenment beliefs. Advocated religious freedom, civil rights, and self-government.
Navigation Acts
British Parliament, colonies, and colonial merchants
Defined colonies as suppliers of raw materials and markets for Great Britain. No foreign merchants could trade in colonies. Colonial goods could only be carried on British merchant ships.
British colonies
1651
Mercantilism. Enumerated goods (sugar, rum, tobacco, and rice) must be shipped to Great Britain for re-export. Salutary Neglect. Benefits England economically. Leads to resentment when enforced.
Covenant Chain
Iroquois Confederacy
Alliance and trade agreement that gave Iroquois tribal supremacy and New York favorable trading terms
New York
1677
Established advantage for both: Iroquois over other tribes, New York over other colonies. Demonstrates the agency of Native Americans using European powers for their own ends.
Enlightenment
Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Hobbes.
Intellectual movement of thinkers that tried to apply principles of reason and methods of science to all aspects of society
Europe, Spread to American colonies
1600s to 1700s
Widespread ideas separate from religion. Influenced American political leaders and documents such as the Declaration of Independence, U.S. Constitution, and Bill of Rights. Basis of Republicanism and American Revolution.
Great Awakening
[Completed]
George Whitefield, John Edward, Young Individuals
Religious movement that emphasized emotional aspects of religion
Northern Colonies, Spread to the South
1730s to 1760s
Opposite the spread of Enlightenment ideas. First national movement. Questioned authority. Marked the first time that slaves were introduced to the Christian religion.
