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Agriculture > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Farm animals are raised for

A
  • food
  • Work
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2
Q

What is domestication

A
  • it’s the conversion of wild animals to domestic animals
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3
Q

When were Most animals domesticated

A
  • between 8000 and 2500 BC ( not long after people began farming and living in permanent settlements)
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4
Q

A species is capable of

A
  • interbreeding and producing fertile offspring
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5
Q

Ethiopians farm animals are composed of?

A

mammalian, avian and honeybee species

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6
Q

List the major farm animals in the mammalian category

A
  • cattle
  • Sheep
  • Goats
  • Camel
  • Donkey
  • Horses
  • Mules
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7
Q

The avian category includes

A

-chicken,ostrich and turkey ( ostrich and turkey are not widely used in Ethiopia)

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8
Q

Nearly all of the livestock population of the country is

A
  • local breed
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9
Q

___________ are young nourished with milk from special mammary glands of the mother

A
  • mammalia
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10
Q

What are local breeds and give one example

A
  • are native to a specific territory of origin eg horro cattle
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11
Q

Give one example of exotic breed and hybrid

A
  • exotic : Holstein friesian
  • Hybrid : Horro cow x Holstein friesian bull
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12
Q

What type of leg do cattle have

A

They have hooves which makes them hoofed animals

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13
Q

What is the family and genus of cattle

A

Family: bovidae
Genus: bos

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14
Q

List the two species of cattle

A
  • bos indicus
  • bos Taurus
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15
Q

What type of cattle are bos indicus

A
  • humped cattle
  • commonly found in tropical countries
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16
Q

What type of species are bos Taurus

A
  • don’t usually have humps
  • found in temperate zones
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17
Q

In which part of the world are cattle raised

A

All over the world

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18
Q

How many breeds do cattle have

A

1000

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19
Q

Cattle are raised for

A
  • meat ,milk and use as draft animals
  • also thier hides are processed into leather
  • manure is a by product
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20
Q

_______________, ______________ and ______________ are ruminant herbivores

A

-cattle
- sheep
-goat

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21
Q

Cattle feed on

A
  • pasture
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22
Q

Sheep belong to the family and genus?

A
  • family : bovidae
  • genus : ovis
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23
Q

How many breeds do sheep have

A

200 breeds

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24
Q

Sheep are raised for

A

Thier meat , wool and skin
Some farmers also keep sheep for milk

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25
Q

What do sheep feed on

A

Short fine grass and coarse brushy weeds

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26
Q

____________ are hollow horned animals

A

Goat

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27
Q

What is the family and genus of goat

A

Family : bovidae
Genus : Capra

28
Q

How many breeds do goat have

A

-300

29
Q

____________ are important in tropical livestock production systems

A

Goat

30
Q

What do goat feed on

A
  • shoots , twigs and leaves of brush plants and they also eat hay and grain based complete feeds
31
Q

Goats are raised for thier

A

Milk, meat and skin

32
Q

What is the breed of goat that is raised for its hair

A

The Angora breed of goat is raised for its hair, which is used to make fabric or yarn called mohair

33
Q

__________ are even toed ungulate animals

A

Camels

34
Q

Camels belong to the family and genus?

A
  • family: camelidea
  • genus : camelus
35
Q

What are the two types of camels

A
  • Dromedary
  • Bactrian
36
Q

What is the difference between Dromedary and bactrian

A

Dromedary have a single hump while bactrian have two separate humps

37
Q

___________ are often called “ships of the desert”

A

Camel

38
Q

Camels provide us with

A

Milk, meat , wool and hides

39
Q

_____________are pseudo ruminant animals( they don’t have a rumen)

A

Camel

40
Q

____________are recognized as pack ( used for carrying loads ) and saddle( riding) animals

A

Camels

41
Q

Are camels herbivores or omnivores

A

Herbivores

42
Q

What do camels eat

A
  • they eat tree leaves , branches and thorny bushes ( they have thick and tough lips so they feed on throng bushes easily)
43
Q

List the common types of poultry

A

Chicken/fowl, duck, guinea fowl, turkey and geese

44
Q

_____________ is the most common type of poultry in many countries of the world

A

Chicken

45
Q

What are the two types of domestic chickens and explain them

A

-layers are raised for egg production
-Broilers are kept for meat (usually slaughtered at 6-8 weeks)

46
Q

What is chickens feeding habit

A

Omnivores

47
Q

Poultry in general are _____________ animals

A

Monogastric

48
Q

Chicken depends on what type of food

A

Less fibrous feeds ; mostly grinded grains and mixed rations

49
Q

List the three types of bees and explain them

A
  • worker : is a female
  • queens : is a female that has a reproductive and larger than the workers
  • drone : don’t have stingers and have much larger compound eyes
50
Q

Bees rely on ________ and ___________ of flowers as sources of thier food.

A

-pollen
- nectar

51
Q

_______________ is the fastest growing area of animal food production

A

Fish farming

52
Q

Ruminant animals are mainly

A

Herbivores

53
Q

What do ruminant animals generally eat

A

Roughage or fibre

54
Q

Are ruminant animals or monogastric animals more effective in breaking down food and absorbing nutrients

A

Ruminant animals

55
Q

List the steps of digestive system of ruminant animals

A

Ingestión of feed into thier mouth➡️
The tongue and the teeth gather feed and break it down into smaller pieces➡️food travels down the esophagus ➡️into the stomach

56
Q

List the four chambers of the stomach

A

-Rumen
-Reticulum
-omasum
-Abomasum

57
Q

List the properties of the Rumen

A
  • is the first and largest compartment of the stomach
    -big fermentation vat that allows ruminants to digest cellulose
    -microorganisms,such as Bacteria digest feed
58
Q

List the properties of reticulum

A
  • is the second compartment of the stomach
  • is part of the rumen
  • is called honeycomb( bc it looks like it)
  • is involved in rumination or regurgitation
  • reticulum and rectum work together in concert and sometimes called Reticulorumen
59
Q

List the properties of the omasum

A
  • helps digest feed and squeezes water from the feed
  • is called “ many plies “ because it has many folds
60
Q

List the properties of Abomasum

A
  • called the true stomach
  • digestive juices are produced
  • help pass the feed into the small intestine and then into the large intestine and finally exerted from the body through the rectum or anus
61
Q

Ruminants chew their feed numerous times through a process called

A

Regurgitation or rumination

62
Q

In the rumen the plants that the animal has eaten are softened this softened material is called

A

Cud and is regurgitated for the animals to chew again

63
Q

List the properties of monogastric animals

A
  • have a single stomach
  • rely on feed stuff that are easy to digest
  • have all types of food habit
  • horses and poultry are examples
  • unable to digest much cellulose food material such as grasses
64
Q

Write the steps of the horse digestive system

A

Ingestión of food into the mouth➡️the tongue and the teeth gather feed and break it down into smaller piece’s➡️moves into the esophagus ➡️reaches the stomach( where the enzymes breakdown the feed and is absorbed into the bloodstream) the stomach serves as a reservoir for short term shortage➡️small intestine where all the nutrients are absorbed and the feed is broken down further➡️into the Cecum where digestion of roughage occurs( by many microorganisms) and fermentation of roughage occurs
➡️exerted from the body through the anus or rectum

65
Q

Write the steps of poultry digestive system

A

Food is taken in with the beak➡️ moves into the esophagus ( as it moves into the esophagus a small bit of saliva and digestive enzymes are added) ➡️the crop( storage compartment where feed can remain up to 12 hours) ➡️the proventriculus( glandular stomach) where enzymes and acid are produced and added➡️the gizzard where physical grinding occurs( the muscular stomach and pacemaker of gut motility) ➡️small intestine ( where all the nutrients are absorbed) ➡️ceca ( a blind sack along the Lower intestinal tract where bacteria help breakdown undigested food) ➡️large intestine where all the water is absorbed ➡️clocq ( where urine and waste mix) ➡️vent

Agriculture (3 decks)

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