Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Agriculture > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Farm animals are raised for

A
  • food
  • Work
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is domestication

A
  • it’s the conversion of wild animals to domestic animals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When were Most animals domesticated

A
  • between 8000 and 2500 BC ( not long after people began farming and living in permanent settlements)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A species is capable of

A
  • interbreeding and producing fertile offspring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ethiopians farm animals are composed of?

A

mammalian, avian and honeybee species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the major farm animals in the mammalian category

A
  • cattle
  • Sheep
  • Goats
  • Camel
  • Donkey
  • Horses
  • Mules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The avian category includes

A

-chicken,ostrich and turkey ( ostrich and turkey are not widely used in Ethiopia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nearly all of the livestock population of the country is

A
  • local breed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

___________ are young nourished with milk from special mammary glands of the mother

A
  • mammalia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are local breeds and give one example

A
  • are native to a specific territory of origin eg horro cattle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Give one example of exotic breed and hybrid

A
  • exotic : Holstein friesian
  • Hybrid : Horro cow x Holstein friesian bull
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of leg do cattle have

A

They have hooves which makes them hoofed animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the family and genus of cattle

A

Family: bovidae
Genus: bos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the two species of cattle

A
  • bos indicus
  • bos Taurus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of cattle are bos indicus

A
  • humped cattle
  • commonly found in tropical countries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of species are bos Taurus

A
  • don’t usually have humps
  • found in temperate zones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In which part of the world are cattle raised

A

All over the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many breeds do cattle have

A

1000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cattle are raised for

A
  • meat ,milk and use as draft animals
  • also thier hides are processed into leather
  • manure is a by product
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

_______________, ______________ and ______________ are ruminant herbivores

A

-cattle
- sheep
-goat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cattle feed on

A
  • pasture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sheep belong to the family and genus?

A
  • family : bovidae
  • genus : ovis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many breeds do sheep have

A

200 breeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sheep are raised for

A

Thier meat , wool and skin
Some farmers also keep sheep for milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What do sheep feed on

A

Short fine grass and coarse brushy weeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

____________ are hollow horned animals

A

Goat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the family and genus of goat

A

Family : bovidae
Genus : Capra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How many breeds do goat have

A

-300

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

____________ are important in tropical livestock production systems

A

Goat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What do goat feed on

A
  • shoots , twigs and leaves of brush plants and they also eat hay and grain based complete feeds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Goats are raised for thier

A

Milk, meat and skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the breed of goat that is raised for its hair

A

The Angora breed of goat is raised for its hair, which is used to make fabric or yarn called mohair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

__________ are even toed ungulate animals

A

Camels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Camels belong to the family and genus?

A
  • family: camelidea
  • genus : camelus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the two types of camels

A
  • Dromedary
  • Bactrian
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the difference between Dromedary and bactrian

A

Dromedary have a single hump while bactrian have two separate humps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

___________ are often called “ships of the desert”

A

Camel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Camels provide us with

A

Milk, meat , wool and hides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

_____________are pseudo ruminant animals( they don’t have a rumen)

A

Camel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

____________are recognized as pack ( used for carrying loads ) and saddle( riding) animals

A

Camels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Are camels herbivores or omnivores

A

Herbivores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What do camels eat

A
  • they eat tree leaves , branches and thorny bushes ( they have thick and tough lips so they feed on throng bushes easily)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

List the common types of poultry

A

Chicken/fowl, duck, guinea fowl, turkey and geese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

_____________ is the most common type of poultry in many countries of the world

A

Chicken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What are the two types of domestic chickens and explain them

A

-layers are raised for egg production
-Broilers are kept for meat (usually slaughtered at 6-8 weeks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is chickens feeding habit

A

Omnivores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Poultry in general are _____________ animals

A

Monogastric

48
Q

Chicken depends on what type of food

A

Less fibrous feeds ; mostly grinded grains and mixed rations

49
Q

List the three types of bees and explain them

A
  • worker : is a female
  • queens : is a female that has a reproductive and larger than the workers
  • drone : don’t have stingers and have much larger compound eyes
50
Q

Bees rely on ________ and ___________ of flowers as sources of thier food.

A

-pollen
- nectar

51
Q

_______________ is the fastest growing area of animal food production

A

Fish farming

52
Q

Ruminant animals are mainly

A

Herbivores

53
Q

What do ruminant animals generally eat

A

Roughage or fibre

54
Q

Are ruminant animals or monogastric animals more effective in breaking down food and absorbing nutrients

A

Ruminant animals

55
Q

List the steps of digestive system of ruminant animals

A

Ingestión of feed into thier mouth➡️
The tongue and the teeth gather feed and break it down into smaller pieces➡️food travels down the esophagus ➡️into the stomach

56
Q

List the four chambers of the stomach

A

-Rumen
-Reticulum
-omasum
-Abomasum

57
Q

List the properties of the Rumen

A
  • is the first and largest compartment of the stomach
    -big fermentation vat that allows ruminants to digest cellulose
    -microorganisms,such as Bacteria digest feed
58
Q

List the properties of reticulum

A
  • is the second compartment of the stomach
  • is part of the rumen
  • is called honeycomb( bc it looks like it)
  • is involved in rumination or regurgitation
  • reticulum and rectum work together in concert and sometimes called Reticulorumen
59
Q

List the properties of the omasum

A
  • helps digest feed and squeezes water from the feed
  • is called “ many plies “ because it has many folds
60
Q

List the properties of Abomasum

A
  • called the true stomach
  • digestive juices are produced
  • help pass the feed into the small intestine and then into the large intestine and finally exerted from the body through the rectum or anus
61
Q

Ruminants chew their feed numerous times through a process called

A

Regurgitation or rumination

62
Q

In the rumen the plants that the animal has eaten are softened this softened material is called

A

Cud and is regurgitated for the animals to chew again

63
Q

List the properties of monogastric animals

A
  • have a single stomach
  • rely on feed stuff that are easy to digest
  • have all types of food habit
  • horses and poultry are examples
  • unable to digest much cellulose food material such as grasses
64
Q

Write the steps of the horse digestive system

A

Ingestión of food into the mouth➡️the tongue and the teeth gather feed and break it down into smaller piece’s➡️moves into the esophagus ➡️reaches the stomach( where the enzymes breakdown the feed and is absorbed into the bloodstream) the stomach serves as a reservoir for short term shortage➡️small intestine where all the nutrients are absorbed and the feed is broken down further➡️into the Cecum where digestion of roughage occurs( by many microorganisms) and fermentation of roughage occurs
➡️exerted from the body through the anus or rectum

65
Q

Write the steps of poultry digestive system

A

Food is taken in with the beak➡️ moves into the esophagus ( as it moves into the esophagus a small bit of saliva and digestive enzymes are added) ➡️the crop( storage compartment where feed can remain up to 12 hours) ➡️the proventriculus( glandular stomach) where enzymes and acid are produced and added➡️the gizzard where physical grinding occurs( the muscular stomach and pacemaker of gut motility) ➡️small intestine ( where all the nutrients are absorbed) ➡️ceca ( a blind sack along the Lower intestinal tract where bacteria help breakdown undigested food) ➡️large intestine where all the water is absorbed ➡️clocq ( where urine and waste mix) ➡️vent

66
Q

Animals are primarily reared for

A

-for the production of consumable foods

67
Q

Some by products of animal production are

A
  • fertilizer, feed, clothing and Medicene
68
Q

How many percent of the global food protein comes from farm animals

A
  • 34%
69
Q

How can high fiber feeds be consumed by humans

A
  • several animals convert high fiber feeds into edible food
70
Q

_____% of the population’s livelihood is animal production

A
  • 64
71
Q

the livestock sector has contributed ___%to ___% of the Agricultural Gross Domestic Product in Ethiopia

A
  • 45 to 48
72
Q

The livestock sector accounts for __ to __% of the total population export earnings

A
  • 16 to 19%
73
Q

The two most important categories of animal work are

A
  • traction
  • Transport
74
Q

Feathers from poultry are used in the production of

A
  • mattresses and pillows
75
Q

__________ and ________ are used as raw materials for various traditional household products in the cottage industry

A
  • skins and wok from goats and sheep
76
Q

________ and _______ are used for adhesives

A
  • animal bones and hooves
77
Q

_______ are used for candles and soap making

A

fats

78
Q

Chemical and liquid extractions from the internal organ of animals can be used

A
  • in the pharmaceutical industries to manufacture hormones and other kinds of drugs
79
Q

Residues from slaughtered farm animals is used

A
  • for the preparation of feed for mono gastric animals
80
Q

Give some examples of feed that come from the residues of slaughtered farm animals

A
  • Bone meal, fish meal , blood meal and meat meal
81
Q

A persons wealth in traditional society is usually assessed by

A

the herd size owned by the individual( especially cattle)

82
Q

Give some socio economic reasons for keeping livestock

A
  • savings and investment
  • Security and insurance
  • Stability and social functions
83
Q

Give example of keeping livestock for social function

A
  • for the fulfilment of a set of rituals and social obligations
  • Example - funerals, ritual slaughter and bride wealth of families and communities
84
Q

Inadequate feed supply both in ________ and ___________ is the major constraint affecting animal production in Ethiopia

A
  • quantity and quality
85
Q

The main feed resources in Ethiopia are ________ and ________. And how many percent of the annual feed do they supply? Thier feeding value is ________ interms of ____________,_________,__________ and _____________

A
  • natural pastures and crop residues
  • They supple more than 90% of the annual feed
  • Thier feeding value is poor interms of crude protein (3 to 6%), energy value, minerals and digestibility and they also have high seasonal variation
86
Q

Why is the use of agro- industrial by - products ( eg wheat bran, oil seed cakes and molasses) feed very limited

A
  • unavailability
  • Expensiveness
  • Lack of awareness of their importance
87
Q

Feed shortage in quantity can be mitigated through

A
  • expanding commercial feed production( improved grasses, legumes and formulated feeds)
88
Q

Some strategies in feed quality enhancement are

A
  • the use of young and succulent grass( at 30% flowering stage)
  • Mixing mature grass with legumes
  • Chopping matured grass and mixing it with molasses
89
Q

The animal production system in Ethiopia can be characterized as

A
  • traditional management system this system uses local breeds
90
Q

Indigenous animals are also known for thier quality product in terms of

A
  • yolk Color
  • Milk fat
  • Meat taste
91
Q

Indigenous animals are usually considered poor in thier

A

productivity

92
Q

List some things that are recommended for successful for genetic improvement

A
  • proper feeding
  • Selecting those with good production
  • Crossing with exotic breeds
93
Q

Some diseases of animals in agro ecologies are

A
  • anthrax
  • Blackleg
  • Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
  • Newcastle
94
Q

Some effective prevention mechanisms are

A
  • proper feeding
  • Proper cleaning
  • Treating sick animals
  • Vaccination
  • Isolation of sick animals
  • Management of animals and thier housing
95
Q

__________ are the major focus in mixed farming and _________ is the main focus in pastoral farming. They both consider meat production as a by- product

A
  • Draft animals
  • Milk
96
Q

Pastoral farmers consider their livestock as a means of capital accumulation this is due to

A
  • the absence of entrepreneurial awareness
97
Q

Some ways of enhancing knowledge of modern animal production are

A
  • recurrent capacity building
  • Demonstrating the modern way of farming
  • Availing credit facilities
  • Strong extension system
98
Q

What are socio economic constraints

A
  • they are a lack of services and facilities that are vital for livestock development
99
Q

List some economic constraints

A
  • weak extension service
  • Shortage of appropriate service
  • Poor infrastructure
  • Scarcity in electric power supply
  • Scarcity in transport facilities
  • A lack of credit and saving service
  • Having little or no access to training on modern animal rearing practice
  • Inadequate flow of market information
100
Q

List some social constraints

A
  • it’s taboo to eat goats meat in some areas
  • Fish is not eaten in some parts of the country
  • Products of cross breed animals like egg, meat , milk ,etc are also not preferred for food in certain areas
101
Q

Livestock farming system is classified based on production processes ( management practices) into

A
  • extensive system
  • Semi intensive system
  • Intensive system
102
Q

List some characteristics of extensive system

A
  • uses small inputs of labor, fertilizer and capital relative to the land area bieng used
  • Livestock types are locally known ones
  • Mostly farms cattle, sheep and goat
  • Farming in areas with low agricultural productivity
  • Feeds depend on the condition of the climate
  • Compared to intensive farming productivity is lower
103
Q

Extensive system is classified into

A
  • range production system -pastoralism
    - agro pastoralism
    - ranching system
  • mixed farming system
104
Q

List some characteristics of pastoralism

A
  • move thier animals
  • Allow communities to feed themselves where the area doesn’t support other forms of agriculture
  • Some major problems in pastoralism are
    - feed and water shortage
    - poor market outlet
    - disease
    - number oriented
105
Q

What are the two types of pastoralism

A
  • nomads
  • Transhumance
106
Q

List some characteristics of nomads

A
  • have no permanent homes
  • Mainly found in arid and semi arid areas
  • Largely based on increasing animal number ( number oriented)
107
Q

List some characteristics of transhumance

A
  • have a permanent home
  • Characterized by the seasonal and recurring movement of livestock
  • Seasonal grazing areas and routes for livestock movement are fixed
  • The aim of this system is to make use of distant pasture durning rainy season and what remains after harvest around farm houses
108
Q

List some characteristics of agro pastoral system

A
  • livestock are important components of the farming system
  • Produced both for subsistence and market
  • Livestock are kept for draft , sale and generation of other primary products ( meat , milk and eggs)
109
Q

List some characteristics of ranching

A
  • raise large number of animals on a fenced land
  • Modern alternative to pastoralism
  • Commonly raise cattle and sheep
  • Function of livestock and products is to provide cash income and for making profit
110
Q

List some characteristics of mixed farming

A
  • both crop and livestock are raised
  • Natural pasture and crop residues are the major feed source
  • Subsistence oriented
111
Q

List some characteristics of semi intensive farming

A
  • lies between extensive and intensive system
  • High output and input
  • Located around periphery( edge) of small towns
  • Commonly practiced by small scale producers
  • Reared for family consumption but can be for income generation
  • Can easily be intensified
112
Q

List some characteristics of intensive system

A
  • high input and high output
  • Raised at high stocking density
  • Market oriented
  • Located near highly populated urban centres
  • Environment can be modified
  • The type of animals can be cross bred or exotic
  • Feed type Is grown forage which can be used in cut and carry system
  • Livestock are fed industrial by product and balanced ration
  • Milk, meat and eggs are the main products
113
Q

Give some examples of intensive system

A
  • pig production
  • Broiler production
  • Comercial dairy production
  • Feedlot operation
114
Q

What is balanced ration

A

the amount of feed that will supply the proper amount and proportions of nutrients needed for an animal to perform a specific purpose such as growth, maintenance, lactation or gestation.

115
Q

What is feedlot?

A
  • is a plot of land where livestock are kept in order to feed them intensively with the purpose of fattening for slaughter. Cattle, sheep, goats and camels are usually fattened for a period of 3 to 4 months for market.

Agriculture (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions