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Agriculture > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

____________is defined as the deliberate cultivation of crops and rearing of animals

A

Agriculture

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2
Q

Where are hunter gatherers found?

A

In areas where the land and climate conditions do not favour deliberate crop culture. Desert areas, Arctic region and pockets of tropical rain forest are examples

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3
Q

____________ is a form of agriculture in which an area of ground is cleared of vegetation and cultivated for a few years and then abandoned for a new area.

A

Shifting cultivation

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4
Q

__________________ is the practice of using the same plot of land continuously over a long period to grow crops or rear livestock.

A

Settled agriculture

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5
Q

Which one is more advanced settled agriculture or shifting cultivation

A

Settled agriculture

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6
Q

________________ is the practice of growing crops and raising livestock sufficient only for one’s own use, without any surplus for trade.

A

Subsistence farming

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7
Q

Is it possible that religion may have influenced agriculture?

A

Yes, because particular animals and plants were kept as they were required for religious practices.

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8
Q

List some features that could possibly influence hunter gatherers food source

A

-ease of harvest -seasonal distribution
-wide availability -climate tolerance
-good flavour
-ease of transport
-high predictability
-suitable grain size

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9
Q

The wild plant species that hunter gatherers consumed include

A

-Wild rice
-grass species
-wild oats
-legumes

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10
Q

Root crops are wildly used in what area?

A

-tropical region

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11
Q

How did our ancestors consume legumes?

A

Legumes is said to be toxic so our ancestors learned through trail and error how to detoxify it and they hunted by the poisonous substance they extracted by putting them on arrowheads

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12
Q

Crop production is mainly determined by

A

The type of crop and the environment in which it’s grown

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13
Q

What is primitive agriculture

A

It’s the old agriculture in which they used tools that have low efficiency and aren’t easy to operate

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14
Q

Modern agriculture involves

A

-crop rotation
-fallowing
-various soil conservation practices to control soil erosion

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15
Q

What is crop rotation

A

It’s the changing between different crops in different seasons

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16
Q

What is fallowing

A

It’s leaving the land free for 2 to 3 seasons

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17
Q

Efficient technology’s for agriculture include

A

-machinery
-biotechnology
-genetic improvements of plants
-irrigation
-agrochemicals

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18
Q

List the advantages technology advancements have on agriculture

A

-improved seeds
-better production practices
-better harvesting and storage facilities

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19
Q

One of the first technological changes in agriculture is

A

The transfer of some tedious manual work to draft animals

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20
Q

The three eras in agriculture are

A

-mechanical era (1930-1950)
-chemical era(1950-1970)
-biotechnology/information technology era(1970-present)

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21
Q

List the five major crops that constitute ethiopias 75% cultivated area

A

-teff
-wheat
-maize
-sorghum
-barley

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22
Q

What are cereals

A

Cereals are grasses cultivated for their grains

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23
Q

What limits yield level

A

Recurrent drought and climate change

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24
Q

Achieving food security requires

A

Increase in yield and a decrease in yields variability

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25
Q

List the principal factors responsible for low crop yields in Ethiopia

A
  • low irrigation
    -rain variability and uncertainty
    -soil degradation
    -little technology use
    -low use of inputs like improved seeds,fertilisers and pesticides
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26
Q

Crop plants are classified into

A

-food crops
-oil crops
-fiber crops
- forage crops

27
Q

The three most important food crops globally are ?

A

-wheat
-rice
-maize

28
Q

Monocots crops store food primarily in the

A

Endosperm

29
Q

The endosperm contains

A

-starch and small quantities of protein and other nutrients

30
Q

Dicots store food in the

A

Cotyledons

31
Q

Cotyledons contain

A

Have high amount of protein,oil and some carbohydrates

32
Q

_____________serves as food source for the plant embryo to germinate

A

Cotyledons

33
Q

____________is a tissue inside the seeds of flowering plants and provides nutrition in the form of starch and is a source of nutrition in animal diet

A

Endosperm

34
Q

Oils crops supply two essential fatty acids

A

-linoleic acids
-alpha linolenic acids

35
Q

Oil crops supply is with vitamin?

A

-A,K,E,D

36
Q

______________are used for making clothing and in textile industry

A

Plant fibre

37
Q

Plant fibre can be obtained from

A

-cotton
-inner barks of certain plant species

38
Q

Plants obtained from cotton are used to

A

Manufacture sewing threads and cloth

39
Q

Fibres obtained from barks of certain plants are used to

A

Manufacture packaging material

40
Q

Vegetable fibers such as jute are used in

A

Rope manufacturing

41
Q

Plants used for livestock are often grown for thier

A

Roots, shoots, shoot buds and leaves

42
Q

What type of nutrients do forage crops provide

A

Vitamin A and E,sodium,potassium,calcium,phosphorus and magnesium

43
Q

Depending on their photosynthetic pathway, crop plants can be classified into

A

either C3 or C4 types

44
Q

____plants have a higher photosynthesic rate at a given temperature that _____plants

A

-C4
-C3

45
Q

refers to the types and sequences of crops and the
different practices used to grow them.

A

Cropping system

46
Q

List some cropping systems

A

-monocropping
-mixed cropping( intercropping and relay cropping)
-crop rotation

47
Q

What is mono cropping

A

It’s the growing of a single crop type in a given plot of land it’s often done in large scale but it can be done on small lands

48
Q

List some advantages and disadvantages of mono cropping

A

Advantages
-efficient planting and harvesting
-uniform management
Disadvantages
-decrease of soil fertility
-risk of total crop failure due to crop pests and diseases

49
Q

What is mixed cropping

A

It’s the planting of one or more crops in one area

50
Q

Some advantages of mixed cropping are

A
  • Efficient use of soil nutrients,water and light radiation
    -also helps creak the cycle of crop pests and diseases
51
Q

What is intercropping

A

It’s the planting of two or more crops in one area AT THE SAME TIME
It involves the planting of cereal crops alongside legmus

52
Q

List the advantages of intercropping

A

-better soil cover and reduce soil erosion
-crop diseases also spread less rapidly

53
Q

What is relay cropping

A

It’s when the second crop is planted after the first crop is grown alone for a certain period

54
Q

What is crop rotation

A

It’s the growing of different crops on the same plot of land sequentially

55
Q

List the advantages and disadvantages of crop rotation

A

Advantages
-increase in soil fertility(especially if legumes is planted)
-controls some pests and diseases
Disadvantages
-might develop resistant diseases and weeds
- climate change might be a challenge

56
Q

List the advantages and disadvantages of crop rotation

A

Advantages
-increase in soil fertility(especially if legumes is planted)
-controls some pests and diseases
Disadvantages
-might develop resistant diseases and weeds
- climate change might be a challenge

57
Q

_____________ knowledge is traditional or local knowledge that’s often referred to as “home grown “

A

Indigenous

58
Q

What kind of indigenous knowledge do the gumuz people have

A

They have indigenous knowledge about natural resource management they believe that natural resources are a gift, a blessing and a creation of the Yamba(god)

59
Q

What kind of indigenous knowledge do konso people posses

A

-they protect their land from soil erosion by terracing
-they also practice traditional irrigation to supplement unpredictable and variable rainfall

60
Q

What kind of indigenous knowledge do farmers in bale posses

A

They prepare a trench around potato plots to protect the crop from porcupine attack

61
Q

What kind of indigenous knowledge do farmers in gonder posses

A

They shift their livestock from one farmland to another in search of cow dung to fertilize the land

62
Q

What kind of indigenous knowledge do farmers in gonder posses

A

They shift their livestock from one farmland to another in search of cow dung to fertilize the land

63
Q

What kind of indigenous knowledge do farmers in highland areas have

A

They use kitchen(wood)ash to increase soil fertility and lower soil acidity and they also use smoke to reduce frost damage

64
Q

What kind of indigenous knowledge do farmers in highland areas have

A

They use kitchen(wood)ash to increase soil fertility and lower soil acidity and they also use smoke to reduce frost damage

Agriculture (5 decks)

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