Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Agriculture > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Some management practices needed for maximum yield are

A

-appropriate planting time
-deciding planting distance
-pest control strategies
-deciding when to harvest
-post-harvest management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Some agricultural inputs include

A

-fertilizer to improve the nutrients available in the soil
-irrigation to supplement rainfall
-adding lime to modify the acidity of the soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Some crop production factors that can’t be manipulated by the farmer are

A

-the unexpected end of favorable weather
- a locust invasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are field crops

A

Field crops are crops grown on a wide scale mainly for human consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Field crops are classified into

A

-cereals
-pulses(legumes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Are cereals monocots or dicots

A

Monocots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List some cereals that are gluten free

A

-teff
-Maize
-sorghum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List some qualities of teff that make it reliable

A

-it can be stored for a long time
-it’s less affected by pests and diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Teff can grow in the altitudes of

A

From sea level to 2800 meters but the major producting areas have altitudes between 1500-2800

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Teff preforms well on what type of soils

A

Teff performs well on loam and clay soils, which have high nutrient contents and water storage capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the distance between rows and drills in teff

A

-20cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why are shallow furrows made for teff and what is their interval

A

-they are made to drain excess moisture from teff plots
-at an interval of 3 to 6 meters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The most common planting time and harvesting time for teff is

A

The most common planting time is July/August. Teff is usually harvested in November/December in the highland areas and earlier in mid and lowland areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of fertilizer is made for teff

A

-60kg nitrogen and 26kg phosphorus per hectare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of herbicide is used for broad leaf weeds in teff fields

A

2,4-D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When is teff affected by fungal diseases

A

When excess water accumulates in the soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Average national yield for teff is about?

A

14.6 quintals (1.46 t) per hectare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Teff is a rich source of

A

-carbohydrates
-proteins
-fats
-iron
-calcium
-magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Maize originated in

A

Central America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

List some beneficial factors of maize

A

-gives high yield per unit area
-the seeds are covered by husk,protecting from rain and birds
-doesn’t shatter (lose seeds when drying)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

I’m what industries is maize used

A

For production of starch and oil industries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Maize grows in a range of altitudes

A

500 to 2400 meters above sea level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ranks in area of production in Ethiopia

A

1)teff
2)maize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What type of soils do maize want

A

Loam soils that do not accumulate excess moisture are better for maize production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How many time should the soil be ploughed for maize

A

2 or 3 times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

In maize row planting is usually about

A

at a spacing of 25 cm between seeds and 75 cm between planting rows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Depth of seed sowing for maize is about

A

5 to 7 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Maizes planting time

A

Is at the start of the rainy season from March to April

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What type of fertilization is used for maize

A

41 kg nitrogen and 20kg phosphorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The two main types of herbicides used for maizes are

A
  • pre emergence such as atrazine
    -post emergence like 2,4-D
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Common insects that attack maize are

A

Maize stalk borer
Aphids
Army worm
Weevil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

List the fungal diseases that affect maize

A

-rust
-gray leaf spot
-blight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Viral diseases that affect maize are

A

Strike virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How can fungal and viral diseases be controlled for maize

A

These can be controlled by using crop rotation instead of mono cropping and modifying the planting time to reduce the damage from these diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How can you reduce maize plants falling(lodging) due to wind

A

By earthing up( piling soil around the plants)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Is maize planted as mono crop or as a mixed crop

A

It can be planted as both
It can be planted as a mixed crop with legumes such as haricot beans and cereals such as teff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

How much time does maize take to be harvested? And what are some characters that we see when it’s ready for harvest?

A
  • some take 3 months while others take 5 months
    -it develops a black layer at the bottom tip
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Maize is an important source of

A

-carbohydrates
-protein
-fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the average national yield of maize?

A

It’s 32.5 quintals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the moisture content of maize when it’s harvested and what should it be?

A

-25%
-13% or lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Where did wheat originate

A

It’s believed to originate from Asia continent mainly in China,Pakistán and India.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What kind of weather does wheat require

A

Cool weather

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

In what altitude does wheat grow?

A

1800-3000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What kind of soils does wheat require

A

Well drained, loamy and fertile soils
(Red, brown and black)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

How many times is wheat cultivated

A

2 or 3 times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

How is wheat planted

A

By both broadcasting and row planting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the space between row plants in wheat? And what is it’s depth?

A

-25 cm
- 5 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

The planting time for wheat is

A

Jume and July

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What kind of fertilizer does wheat use

A

45 kg nitrogen and 25 kg phosphorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Fungal diseases in wheat like rust and smut are common in what areas

A

Warm areas with high humidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

How do we know when to harvest wheats?

A
  • when it dries to golden yellow color and there is no green left
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

The average national yield for wheat is

A

24.5 quintals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Wheat is an important source of

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats , minerals and fiber

54
Q

Where did barley originate

A

-in the Middle East

55
Q

Barley is used for

A

-human food
-alcoholic beverages
-livestock

56
Q

Explain the process of malting

A

Controlled germination produces enzymes ➡️ These enzymes convert cereal starch to sugar➡️ the sugar is fermented to produce alcoholic beverages

57
Q

Barley is found in the altitudes

A

From 2200 to 3000

58
Q

What type of soils do barley need

A

Well drained loam soils

59
Q

How many times should barley be cultivated

A

2 to 3 times

60
Q

What kind of fertilizer does barley use

A

60 kg nitrogen and 26 kg phosphorus

61
Q

Insects that are affecting barley production are

A

-army worm
-grasshopper
-barley shoot fly

62
Q

How long does barley take to mature

A

3 to 4 months

63
Q

The indicator for maturity is

A

Drying and yellowing of the plant

64
Q

The average yield of barley is

A

19 quintals

65
Q

Barley is a source of

A

-carbohydrates
-protein
- fiber
-fats

66
Q

Where did sorghum originate

A

Africa

67
Q

Sorghums stalk is used as

A

Animal feed and construction of fences and houses in Ethiopia

68
Q

Sorghums altitude ranges from

A

500-1500

69
Q

What type of soils are suitable for sorghum

A

Well drained clay soils

70
Q

Why is sorghum called a camel crop

A

Because it has the ability to stay dormant durning dry periods and resume growth as soon as soil moisture becomes sufficient

71
Q

What is sorghum rotated with

A

Haricot beans, soy bean, sesame and cotton

72
Q

Sorghum matures in about

A

4 months

73
Q

How is sorghum planted

A

At a distance of 0.5 to 1 meters between rows and about 40 cm between plants. And they are also sown at a depth of 2.5 cm

74
Q

The most common in sorghum planting time is

A

March to may

75
Q

In sorghum earthing up is done to?

A

Prevent the plant from lodging

76
Q

What kind of fertilizer is used for sorghum

A

32 kg nitrogen and 10 kg phosphorus per hectare

77
Q

What is the name of the major parasitic weed that affects sorghum reproduction

A

Striga

78
Q

When should sorghum be harvested

A

When the grains start to dry also the grain moisture drops to 30% when mature

79
Q

The average national yield for sorghum is

A

23 quintals

80
Q

How much time does sorghum take to mature

A

4 months

81
Q

Pulses can be consumed as

A

-dry seeds rich in protein
- as immature pods used as vegetables

82
Q

Why is there low yield of pulses in Ethiopia

A

-poor weed control
-low soil cultivation or no cultivation
- low mineral fertilizer

83
Q

Where did faba bean originate

A

In the Mediterranean region

84
Q

Faba bean grows in altitudes from

A

1800-3000

85
Q

Faba bean is row planted at a distance of

A

40 cm between the rows and 5 to 10 cm between the seeds

86
Q

Insects that affect faba bean are

A
  • African ball worms
  • aphids
87
Q

Fungal diseases,weeds and Insects that affect faba beans can be prevented by

A

Hand weeding ( twice in 6 weeks)
Crop rotation
The use of chemicals
Ensuring a clean seed bed

88
Q

When is faba bean ready for harvest

A

When the leaves fall off and the pods dry and turn black
It is cultivated when it’s green if it’s eaten as a vegetable

89
Q

What is the average national yield for faba beans

A

19 quintals

90
Q

What is field pea produced for?

A

Field pea is produced for its edible seeds, which are rich in protein and an important source of animal feed.

91
Q

What types of planting methods are used for field pea?

A

Field pea is often planted by broadcasting or using row planting.

92
Q

What is the recommended spacing for planting field pea?

A

Spacing of 30 cm between rows and 5 to 10 cm between plants.

93
Q

What are the ideal altitudes for growing field pea?

A

Field pea grows well in altitudes ranging between 1800 and 3000 meters above sea level.

94
Q

What crops does field pea commonly rotate with?

A

Field pea is usually grown in rotation with crop cereals like teff, wheat, and barley.

95
Q

What are common pests and diseases that affect field pea?

A

Weeds, insect pests (such as aphids and African ball worm), and fungal diseases.

96
Q

What is integrated control for field pea management?

A

Integrated control involves manual weeding, crop rotation, and chemical methods.

97
Q

When should field pea be harvested?

A

Field pea is harvested once the pod is mature and the seeds are sufficiently hard.

98
Q

What consequence does a delay in harvesting field pea have?

A

Delay in harvesting can cause seed loss from pods (shattering).

99
Q

What is the average national yield for field pea per hectare?

A

The average national yield for field pea is 14 quintals (1.4 t) per hectare.

100
Q

Where did haricot beans originate

A

Mexico

101
Q

Haricot beans are mixed cropped and crop rotated with

A
  • maize and sorghum
  • teff and maize and sorghum
102
Q

In what altitudes are haricot beans grown? What soil type do they prefer?

A

-1400-2000
-all soil types

103
Q

How are haricot beans planted

A

By broadcasting and row planting 40cm between rows and 10 between plants ( intercropping)

104
Q

How do we control weeds in haricot beans

A
  • clean seed beds
    -manual weeding carried out within 4 weeks of planting
105
Q

What kind of storage pests affect haricot beans

A

Weevil

106
Q

How do we prevent storage pests in haricot beans

A

By drying the grains until the moisture 12% or lower and chemical treatment of the grain is used

107
Q

What is the average national yield per hectare of haricot beans

A

14

108
Q

Haricot bean seeds can be what what colours?

A

Red, brown , white or gray

109
Q

Which pulse is an important export crop in Ethiopia

A

Haricot beans

110
Q

Haricot beans mature within

A

3 to 4 months

111
Q

Haricot beans is ready for harvest when

A

The leaves fall off and the pods turn yellow and start to dry. If it’s produced for use as vegetables then they should be harvested when they are green( immature)

112
Q

What are industrial crops primarily produced for?

A

Use as raw materials in agro industries and other types of industries.

113
Q

Name the three classifications of industrial crops.

A
  • Oil crops
  • Fiber crops
  • Sugar crops
114
Q

Where is sesame believed to have originated?

A

Africa.

115
Q

What is the primary use of sesame?

A

Production of oil used in cooking and other foods.

116
Q

List two non-food uses of sesame oil.

A
  • Production of paints
  • Cosmetic products like soaps
117
Q

What are the by-products of sesame oil extraction used for?

A

Production of animal feed.

118
Q

What type of climate is suitable for sesame cultivation?

A

Semi-arid, lowland areas.

119
Q

What altitude is optimal for sesame growth?

A

Up to 1200 meters above sea level.

120
Q

What temperature range is required during the growing season for sesame?

A

25 to 27 °C.

121
Q

How does excess water affect sesame plants?

A

It makes them sensitive and can lead to reduced yields.

122
Q

True or False: Sesame is drought-tolerant.

A

True.

123
Q

What happens to sesame flowers during high rainfall?

A

They drop off the plant, reducing yield.

124
Q

What type of soil is suitable for sesame cultivation?

A

Sandy loam soils that do not accumulate excess moisture.

125
Q

Why should fields be clean from weed seeds during land preparation for sesame?

A

Sesame is sensitive to weed problems.

126
Q

What is the recommended planting spacing for sesame?

A

50 cm between rows and 10 cm between plants.

127
Q

When should weeding for sesame begin?

A

From emergence to about 4 to 5 weeks of growth.

128
Q

Fill in the blank: Sesame is especially sensitive to _______ competition during early growth stages.

A

weed

129
Q

How many months do sesame take to mature

A

5 months

130
Q

Sesame is ready for harvest when?

A

One third of the leaves, stems and pods turn yellow

131
Q

What happens when harvest is delayed

A

The pods break and there will be loss of seeds

132
Q

The national average yield of sesame is

A

7.4 quintals

Agriculture (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions