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PSYC > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Trait

A

a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act in certain ways, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports

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2
Q

MMPI

A

the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders and personality traits (still considered its most appropriate use)

T/F questions

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3
Q

Big 5 factors

A

OCEAN
openness
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

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4
Q

Openness extremes

A

Practical, routine, conforming

Imaginative, variety, independent

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5
Q

Conscientiousness extremes

A

Disorganized, careless, impulsive

Organized, careful

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6
Q

Extraversion Extremes

A

Extraversion

Retiring, sober, reserved

Sociable, fun loving,

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7
Q

Agreeableness Extremes

A

Ruthless, suspicious, Uncooperative

Soft-hearted, helpful

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8
Q

Neuroticism extremes

A

Calm, secure

Anxious, insecure

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9
Q

Social Cognitive perspective

A

Albert Bandura

Interaction between our traits and our situation. Such as nature and nurture work together.

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10
Q

Reciprocal Influence

A

Behaviors (learning to rock climb)
Internal personal factors (risky behavior)
Environment factors (rock-climbing friends)

All operate as interlocking determinate

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11
Q

Trait stability

A

Ones distinctive traits do not change much over ones lifes span

Into adulthood: more aggressive, less extroverted

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12
Q

person-situation controversy

A

traits have functions within our personalities,

traits are linked to roles and persona and can change when in different situations

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13
Q

factor analysis

A

Identifying factors that tend to cluster together

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14
Q

Personality inventory

A

A questionnaire, T/F on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide rang of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits

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15
Q

Empirically derived test

A

Such as MMPI, a test created by selecting from a pool of items those that discriminate between groups

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16
Q

Personality

A

an individuals characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

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17
Q

motivation

A

a need or desire that energizes behavior

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18
Q

Instinct

A

a fixed pattern of behavior that is not acquired by learning- rooted in genetics

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19
Q

Drive

A

Aroused, tense state that relates to a physical need

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20
Q

Arousal theory

A

focused on finding the right level of stimulation

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20
Q

Drive reduction theory

A

Humans are motivated to reduce these drives, how we respond to inner pushes and external pulls

Need: food and water
Drive: Hunger, thirst,
DRT: Drinking, eating

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21
Q

Yerkes- Dodson Law

A

Moderate arousal leads to optimal performance

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22
Q

Hierarchy of needs

A

Abraham Maslow

Top-bottom
Self transcending needs (beyond ones self)
Self- actualization
(fullest potential)
Esteem needs
(self-esteem)
Belongingness and love
(Need to love and be loved)
Saftey needs
Physiological needs
(hunger and thirst)

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23
Q

Belonging

A

being connected to others, part of a group or family or community

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24
Discipline
Sticking to a task despite distraction
25
10 year rule
having enough experience to develop as an expert in the field
26
grit
passionate persistence at a goal
27
Hardiness
Resilience under stress
28
Hunger
Receptors in the digestive system monitor the level of glucose and send signals to the hypothalamus The Hypothalamus sends appetite stimulating hormone to tell the body its time to eat
29
regulating weight
When weight drops or increases the body response by adjusting hunger and energy use
30
Health psychology
Emotions, personality, attitudes, behaviors have an impact on health Studies these impacts in the field of behavioral medicine
31
Stressor
An event or condition which we view as threatening or challenging
32
Appraisal
Deciding whether or view something as a stressor
33
stress reaction
any emotional and physical response to a stressor. rapid heart beat, crying
34
Stress
refers to the process of apprasing and responding to events which we consider threatening. Stress doesn’t happen to you. it is a process in which you participate
35
Stress course
Stress, appraisal, body response, coping strategies
36
Beneficial stress
Improving immune system response Focusing priorities motivating action
37
4 most common Stressors
Catastrophes significant life changes daily hassles (including social stress) Low social status and power
38
Catastrophic events
Appraisal isnt necessary most people agree they are harmful Short term effects: heart attack long term: Flashbacks, depression
39
Major life changes
Life changes can bring increased challenges and stress New task can put a strain on coping strategies Increases when the changes are painful or in a cluster
40
Chronic daily difficulties
Facing too many task, too little time, too little control lack of social power bullied poverty oppressive condition Aggravating housemates, overflowing to-do list
41
Phase 1
Alarm reaction, Sympathetic nervous system is activated, reducing pain, you are mobilized and ready to fight
42
Phase 2
resistance you blood pressure is high, the brain sends signals to the adrenal gland, to produce cortisol, and pump epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood stream You are fully engaged and focused on planning solutions.
43
Phase 3
Exhaustion With exhaustion you become more vulnerable to illness or even death
44
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Our stress response defends, then fatigues Your bodies resistance to stress can only last for so long before exhaustion set in
45
Bacterial infection
Send B Lymphocytes
46
Cancer cell, virus or other "foreign substance"
Send T lymphocytes
47
Worn out cells needing to be cleaned up
Macrophage cells (big eaters)
48
Diseased cells that need to be cleared out
Natural killer cells
49
effects from prolonged stress
Production of new neurons declines, DNA telomeres shorten, cells lose ability to divide, cells die, early aging
50
Psychoneuroimmunology
Studies how interacting psychological, neural and edocrine process together affect our immune system and resulting health.
51
Psychophysiological
Real illness caused in part by psyhological factors
52
Coronary heart disease
clogs the blood vessels that provide oxygen Chronic stress and personality style can increase you chances Type A Pessimism: higher likelihood of HD
53
Depression and heart disease
Chronic stress Excessive inflammation Depressive sysmptoms cardiac disease
54
Cortisol
Can be helpful Chronic amounts can damage the body
55
Problem- focused coping
When we feel a sense of control, we think we can change the outcome
56
emotional focused coping
When we believe we cannot change the situation
57
learned helplesness
the hopelessness and passive resignation when unable to avoid aversive events
58
External locus of control
The PERCEPTION that outside forces beyond our control, control out fate
59
Internal locus
We perceive we control our own fate
60
Self control
The ability to control impluse and delaying short term gratification for long term rewards
61
Optimism
expecting more control, coping ability, and better health
62
Pessimism
Expect things to go badly, leads to poor performance and lack of basic ability
63
Social support
feeling liked and encouraged by friends and family- promates health and happiness
64
aerobic exercise
Sustained oxygen consuming exertion near perfect medicine
65
relaxation and meditation
attention to your inner state Strengthen connections along the brain regions calms brain activity
66
Religion
Religion promotes self control Religious involvement Healthy behaviors social support Better health
67
Positive psychology
Martin Seligman Using scientific methods to study human flourishing 1.Positive wellbeing 2. Positive traits 3. positive groups
68
We over estimate the duration of out emotions and under estimate our resilience
69
Relative deprivation
Believing that others have more friends or are more socially successful, makes us feel worse
70
adaptation-level phenomenon
Our tendency to form judgments of sound, light or income, relative to a neutral level define by our prior experience
71
Wealth inequality
National wealth matters Personal income predicts happiness Over time, a rising economic tide has not produced increased happiness or decreased depression
72
Achievement motivation
Desire to achieve significant achievements for mastery for control

PSYC (5 decks)

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