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PSYC > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Trait

A

a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act in certain ways, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports

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2
Q

MMPI

A

the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders and personality traits (still considered its most appropriate use)

T/F questions

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3
Q

Big 5 factors

A

OCEAN
openness
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

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4
Q

Openness extremes

A

Practical, routine, conforming

Imaginative, variety, independent

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5
Q

Conscientiousness extremes

A

Disorganized, careless, impulsive

Organized, careful

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6
Q

Extraversion Extremes

A

Extraversion

Retiring, sober, reserved

Sociable, fun loving,

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7
Q

Agreeableness Extremes

A

Ruthless, suspicious, Uncooperative

Soft-hearted, helpful

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8
Q

Neuroticism extremes

A

Calm, secure

Anxious, insecure

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9
Q

Social Cognitive perspective

A

Albert Bandura

Interaction between our traits and our situation. Such as nature and nurture work together.

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10
Q

Reciprocal Influence

A

Behaviors (learning to rock climb)
Internal personal factors (risky behavior)
Environment factors (rock-climbing friends)

All operate as interlocking determinate

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11
Q

Trait stability

A

Ones distinctive traits do not change much over ones lifes span

Into adulthood: more aggressive, less extroverted

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12
Q

person-situation controversy

A

traits have functions within our personalities,

traits are linked to roles and persona and can change when in different situations

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13
Q

factor analysis

A

Identifying factors that tend to cluster together

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14
Q

Personality inventory

A

A questionnaire, T/F on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide rang of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits

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15
Q

Empirically derived test

A

Such as MMPI, a test created by selecting from a pool of items those that discriminate between groups

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16
Q

Personality

A

an individuals characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

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17
Q

motivation

A

a need or desire that energizes behavior

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18
Q

Instinct

A

a fixed pattern of behavior that is not acquired by learning- rooted in genetics

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19
Q

Drive

A

Aroused, tense state that relates to a physical need

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20
Q

Arousal theory

A

focused on finding the right level of stimulation

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20
Q

Drive reduction theory

A

Humans are motivated to reduce these drives, how we respond to inner pushes and external pulls

Need: food and water
Drive: Hunger, thirst,
DRT: Drinking, eating

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21
Q

Yerkes- Dodson Law

A

Moderate arousal leads to optimal performance

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22
Q

Hierarchy of needs

A

Abraham Maslow

Top-bottom
Self transcending needs (beyond ones self)
Self- actualization
(fullest potential)
Esteem needs
(self-esteem)
Belongingness and love
(Need to love and be loved)
Saftey needs
Physiological needs
(hunger and thirst)

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23
Q

Belonging

A

being connected to others, part of a group or family or community

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24
Q

Discipline

A

Sticking to a task despite distraction

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25
Q

10 year rule

A

having enough experience to develop as an expert in the field

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26
Q

grit

A

passionate persistence at a goal

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27
Q

Hardiness

A

Resilience under stress

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28
Q

Hunger

A

Receptors in the digestive system monitor the level of glucose and send signals to the hypothalamus

The Hypothalamus sends appetite stimulating hormone to tell the body its time to eat

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29
Q

regulating weight

A

When weight drops or increases the body response by adjusting hunger and energy use

30
Q

Health psychology

A

Emotions, personality, attitudes, behaviors have an impact on health

Studies these impacts in the field of behavioral medicine

31
Q

Stressor

A

An event or condition which we view as threatening or challenging

32
Q

Appraisal

A

Deciding whether or view something as a stressor

33
Q

stress reaction

A

any emotional and physical response to a stressor.
rapid heart beat, crying

34
Q

Stress

A

refers to the process of apprasing and responding to events which we consider threatening.

Stress doesn’t happen to you. it is a process in which you participate

35
Q

Stress course

A

Stress, appraisal, body response, coping strategies

36
Q

Beneficial stress

A

Improving immune system response
Focusing priorities
motivating action

37
Q

4 most common Stressors

A

Catastrophes
significant life changes
daily hassles (including social stress)
Low social status and power

38
Q

Catastrophic events

A

Appraisal isnt necessary
most people agree they are harmful
Short term effects: heart attack
long term: Flashbacks, depression

39
Q

Major life changes

A

Life changes can bring increased challenges and stress
New task can put a strain on coping strategies
Increases when the changes are painful or in a cluster

40
Q

Chronic daily difficulties

A

Facing too many task, too little time, too little control
lack of social power
bullied
poverty
oppressive condition

Aggravating housemates, overflowing to-do list

41
Q

Phase 1

A

Alarm reaction,
Sympathetic nervous system is activated, reducing pain, you are mobilized and ready to fight

42
Q

Phase 2

A

resistance
you blood pressure is high, the brain sends signals to the adrenal gland, to produce cortisol, and pump epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood stream
You are fully engaged and focused on planning solutions.

43
Q

Phase 3

A

Exhaustion
With exhaustion you become more vulnerable to illness or even death

44
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

A

Our stress response defends, then fatigues

Your bodies resistance to stress can only last for so long before exhaustion set in

45
Q

Bacterial infection

A

Send B Lymphocytes

46
Q

Cancer cell, virus or other “foreign substance”

A

Send T lymphocytes

47
Q

Worn out cells needing to be cleaned up

A

Macrophage cells (big eaters)

48
Q

Diseased cells that need to be cleared out

A

Natural killer cells

49
Q

effects from prolonged stress

A

Production of new neurons declines, DNA telomeres shorten, cells lose ability to divide, cells die, early aging

50
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology

A

Studies how interacting psychological, neural and edocrine process together affect our immune system and resulting health.

51
Q

Psychophysiological

A

Real illness caused in part by psyhological factors

52
Q

Coronary heart disease

A

clogs the blood vessels that provide oxygen
Chronic stress and personality style can increase you chances
Type A

Pessimism: higher likelihood of HD

53
Q

Depression and heart disease

A

Chronic stress
Excessive inflammation
Depressive sysmptoms
cardiac disease

54
Q

Cortisol

A

Can be helpful

Chronic amounts can damage the body

55
Q

Problem- focused coping

A

When we feel a sense of control, we think we can change the outcome

56
Q

emotional focused coping

A

When we believe we cannot change the situation

57
Q

learned helplesness

A

the hopelessness and passive resignation when unable to avoid aversive events

58
Q

External locus of control

A

The PERCEPTION that outside forces beyond our control, control out fate

59
Q

Internal locus

A

We perceive we control our own fate

60
Q

Self control

A

The ability to control impluse and delaying short term gratification for long term rewards

61
Q

Optimism

A

expecting more control, coping ability, and better health

62
Q

Pessimism

A

Expect things to go badly, leads to poor performance and lack of basic ability

63
Q

Social support

A

feeling liked and encouraged by friends and family- promates health and happiness

64
Q

aerobic exercise

A

Sustained oxygen consuming exertion near perfect medicine

65
Q

relaxation and meditation

A

attention to your inner state
Strengthen connections along the brain regions
calms brain activity

66
Q

Religion

A

Religion promotes self control

Religious involvement

Healthy behaviors social support

Better health

67
Q

Positive psychology

A

Martin Seligman
Using scientific methods to study human flourishing

1.Positive wellbeing
2. Positive traits
3. positive groups

68
Q

We over estimate the duration of out emotions and under estimate our resilience

A
69
Q

Relative deprivation

A

Believing that others have more friends or are more socially successful, makes us feel worse

70
Q

adaptation-level phenomenon

A

Our tendency to form judgments of sound, light or income, relative to a neutral level define by our prior experience

71
Q

Wealth inequality

A

National wealth matters
Personal income predicts happiness
Over time, a rising economic tide has not produced increased happiness or decreased depression

72
Q

Achievement motivation

A

Desire to achieve significant achievements for mastery for control

PSYC (5 decks)

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