unit 4

Question 1

photosynthesis vs cellular respiration
processes and location

Answer 1

photosynthesis: builds glucose from light E in plant chloroplast
cell respiration: breaking glucose to make ATP mostly in mitochondria

Question 2

cell respiration equation

Answer 2

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Question 3

oxidation vs reduction
what goes thru each in cell resp.

Answer 3

oxidation: lose electrons
reduction: gains electrons
glucose is oxidized and O2 is reduced

Question 4

ATP and ADP cycle process

Answer 4

ATP(high E) broken by hydrolysis into ADP + P(low E) which can be joined by dehydration synthesis

Question 5

glycolysis inputs and outputs

Answer 5

inputs: Glucose, NAD+, a little ATP to start up process(Energy investment)
output: 2 pyruvate, 2 net ATP molecules(Energy payoff), 2 NADH

Question 6

does glycolysis need oxygen
where does the process take place

Answer 6

no
cytoplasm

Question 7

pyruvate oxidation inputs and outputs (in mitochondria)

Answer 7

inputs: pyruvate, NAD+(oxidizes pyruvate)
outputs: Acetyl CoA(2C attached to CoA(carrier molec)), NADH, CO2

Question 8

citric acid cycle(mitochondrial matrix) inputs and outputs

Answer 8

inputs: acetyl CoA which combines with oxaloacetate
outputs: CO2, 2ATP, 6NADH, 2FADH, oxaloacetate

Question 9

Where do the outputs of the citric acid cycle go

Answer 9

to the mitochondrial matrix

Question 10

why is the critic acid cycle a cycle

Answer 10

oxaloacetate is a starter of the cycle that regenerates to allow for 1 more round of acetyl coA entry

Question 11

oxidative phosphorylation inputs and outputs

Answer 11

inputs: NADH, FADH2, ADP, Oxygen
outputs: ATP, NAD+, FAD+, H2O

Question 12

oxidative phosphorylation steos

Answer 12

• electrons are transported from NADH and FADH2 to protein complexes and electron carriers(electrons are released to join O2 to make H2O)
• this releases energy that is used to pump protons across the membrane into inter membrane space
• chemiosmosis: protons flow back across membrane through ATP synthase which phosphoralizes ADP to make ATP through its movement down its concentration gradient

Question 13

what happens in cellular respiration is oxygen is not presnt

Answer 13

• cellular respiration fails
• electron is final acceptor and if they can’ be passes along, E can not be extracted to produce ATP

Question 14

On average, how much ATP is made through cellular respiration

Answer 14

30-38 net ATP

Question 15

alcohol fermentation (like yeast)

Answer 15

• 2 pyruvate produced from glycolysis produces CO2 and ethanol by 2 acetaldehyde accepting electrons from NADH also produced from glycolysis
• empty NAD+ can be used to restart glycolysis
• only 2 ATP per glucose molecule

Question 16

lactic acid fermentation (like in muscle cells)

Answer 16

• 2 pyruvate from glycolysis makes 2 lactate
• pyruvate becomes e- acceptor allowing NADH to become NAD+

Question 17

obligate anaerobes vs facultative anaerobes

Answer 17

obligate: can only survive with no oxygen and will die if exposed to it
facultative: can grow and thrive in both absence and presence of oxygen

Question 18

proteins for ATP production

Answer 18

• protein turned into amino acids
• our cells want to keep those to restructure and create chains to build our own muscle
• as a last resort our body will consume its own muscle by joining pyruvate oxidation and losing NH3

Question 19

fats for ATP production

Answer 19

• glycerol used in glycolysis
• fatty acids are large hydoxcarbons that are choppe into 2 Carbons each which attach to an enzyme to create coA