obj 41A, 42A Flashcards
community
all the populations living in an area
ecological niche
an organisms role in the ecosystem
- includes habitat, resources, what is eats, what eats it
what happens when niches overlap
interspecific competition: when different species compete for the same resources
- neither benefit
predation
one benefits and the other doesn’t
one has a larger food supply
herbivory
one benefits and the other doesn’t
predation btwn animal and plant
parasitism
one benefits and the other doesn’t
parasitisme benefits while host is harmed
competitive exclusion vs charachter development
comp.exc.: one species outcompetes the other
- less comp. species is eliminated
charachter displacement: species evolve distinct traits to reduce competition and coexist by using resources differently
predation and techniques to avoid predators
one species consumes another
- cryptic coloration (blending in)
- aposematic colors: very bright, warning colors
- mimicry
batesian vs mullerian mimicry
batesian: a harmless species mimics a harmful one
mullerian: harmful species evolve to look alike
mutualism
pos, pos interaction
both benefitco
commensalism
one species benefits, but the other is left unaffected
coevolution
2 or more species evolve In response to eachother
2 components of species diversity
- species richness: number of different species present
- relative abundance: distribution of number of individuals
relationship between species diversity and community stability
higher species diversity = higher community stability
an animals trophic level
what it eats
terrtrial vs aquatic foodchain
both have primary producers (plants vs phytoplankton), primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and quaternary consumers
food chains
models that represent energy flow in community
arrow rep energy flow: goes into consumer
food webs
multiple food chains interwoven make up a food web
keystone species
has a large impact on its ecosystem relative to its abudance
how can disturbances benefit communities
- create opportunity for new species to colonize, increasing biodiversity and not the dominance of a certain species
primary vs secondary succession
primary succession: top: begins with bare rock and soil must form first; new islands, retreating glaciers
secondary succession: bottom: after a disturbance
primary succession and colonization
newly exposed/fromed rock is colonized by living things for the first time in
