unit 2

Question 1

What makes some isotopes radioactive

Answer 1

nucleus spontaneously decays, losing energy

Question 2

covalent bond

Answer 2

sharing of elections to form e- pairs btwn 2 atoms

Question 3

non polar covalent vs polar covalent

Answer 3

small vs large electronegativity diff
- sharing of e same or diff

Question 4

ionic bond

Answer 4

one atom donates e- to another
-high electronegativity diff

Question 5

when H-bonds form and relative strength

Answer 5

• form when bonded to NOF
• weak bc only IMF

Question 6

why is water a polar molecule

Answer 6

Oxygen hogs e- and becomes partial neg, H becomes partial pos.

Question 7

cohesion

Answer 7

substance sticking together
- usually w/ H-bonds

Question 8

adhesion

Answer 8

the clinging of one surface to another

Question 9

surface tension

Answer 9

how difficult it is to stretch or break liquid surface

Question 10

specific heat + effect on water

Answer 10

• amt of heat to change smth 1C
• moderates body temp

Question 11

why does ice float

Answer 11

water expands when it solidifies and is less dense as solid

Question 12

Solute vs. Solvent vs. Solution

Answer 12

Solute- substance that is dissolved
solvent- solution that dissolves
solution- mix of 2

Question 13

How does water dissolve NaCl

Answer 13

pos. H atoms surround individual neg. Cl atoms and vice versa for Na so that they become homogenous mixture

Question 14

acid vs base

Answer 14

acid: more H+ (when more acidic less pH)
base: more OH-

Question 15

buffer

Answer 15

helps maintain stable pH

Question 16

organic compound

Answer 16

compound w/ 1+ Carbon

Question 17

hydrocarbon

Answer 17

organic molec. w/ only C and H

Question 18

Isomer

Answer 18

Atoms w/ same atoms but diff structure + functions (cis vs trans)

Question 19

Hydroxyl group

Answer 19

alcohol
-OH

Question 20

amino group

Answer 20

amine
-NH2

Question 21

Carbonyl group

Answer 21

ketone
=C=O

Question 22

Sulfhydryl group

Answer 22

thiol
-SH

Question 23

Carboxyl group

Answer 23

carboxylic acid
-C=O (w/OH also attached to C) (so -COOH)

Question 24

phosphate goup

Answer 24

organic phosphate
P w/ 3 single bond O and one double bond O

Question 25

Methyl group

Answer 25

methylated compund
-CH3

Question 26

Carbohydrates

Answer 26

sugars (mono, di or polysaccharides)

Question 27

monosaccharide

Answer 27

simple sugar monomers

ex) glucose: hexagon with 1 point O, with emerging H + OH on each, and one point with H and CH3O

Question 28

disaccharide

Answer 28

2 monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkage (dehydration

ex) sucrose = glucose + fructose

Question 29

polysaccharide

Answer 29

ex) starch ( stored E for carbs)

ex) glycogen: animals store it to slowly release glucose w/ hydrolisis

ex) cellulose: plant cell wall

Question 30

lipid

Answer 30

fat

triglyceride: 1 glycerol w/ 3 fatty acids linked by dehydration synthesis

ex) steroid: testosterone

Question 31

saturated fat vs unsaturated fat

Answer 31

saturated: no double bonds
- solid fats

unsaturated: 1+ double bonds
- liquid fats bc bonds create dents that make molecule not packed as closely together

Question 32

phosholipid

Answer 32

hydrophilic polar head
hydrophobic nonpolar legs

diff than fat bc only 2 fatty acids linked to glycerol

Question 33

Denatured protein

Answer 33

protein unravels losing shape and main functions

Question 34

secondary structure vs tertiary structure interactions

Answer 34

second- H-bond
tertiary- r group interactions

Question 35

protein example

Answer 35

Hemoglobin

Question 36

DNA

Answer 36

-CGAT
- helix structure
- provides instructions: not performs functions

Question 37

RNA

Answer 37

-GUAC
- helix structure
- directs production

Question 38

Nucleic acid

Answer 38

DNA and RNA that is made up of nucleotide
- phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base(GUACT)
- 5’ end and 3’ end with opp structure