Unit 4 Flashcards
Abreaction
The expression and consequent discharge of emotional tension associated with repressed ideas or emotions achieved through reliving the experience that caused it (typically through hypnosis or suggestion).
Absorb
to read or hear a large amount of new information and understand it //
Achieve
To do or get what you want.
Acquainted
To not be close friends with SB, but having met them a few times before, although you do not know them very well.
Act on/ upon sth
To do STH because of another person’s advice or order, or because you have received information or had an idea.
Acute
very serious
Adamant
determined not to change your opinion or a decision that you have made
Remain adamant
Adjunct
sth that is added or joined to sth bigger or more important
Affectation
a way of behaving, speaking etc that is not sincere or natural
Sth is an affectation.
“Calling everyone “darling” is an Aff she has
Affixed
to fasten or stick something to something else
Afflict
Afflicted (Adj)/ Affliction (N)
Aforementioned
mentioned before in an earlier part of a document, article, book etc
Afterthought
STH that is mentioned or added later because it has not been thought of it or planned it before.
Aggravate
to make a bad situation, an illness, or an injury worse // to make someone angry or annoyed
Agitation
when you are so anxious, nervous, or upset that you cannot think calmly // public argument or action for social or political change
1:She was in a state of considerable agitation. // 2: Mass agitation for political reform
Ailment
An illness that is not very serious.
Alternative Medicine
Acupuncture, Fengshui, Herbalism, Homeopathy, Chiropractic
Amorphous
having no definite shape or features
Ample
more than enough
Annoyance
a feeling of slight anger
Anti- inflammatory
What reduces or prevents swelling
Antonyms of “Fearless”
.
Aptly
very suitable (appropriate)
Arousal
excitement, especially sexual excitement
At the end of one’s tether
without patience, endurance or strength. Being worn out, exhausted, exasperated.
At the threshold of sth
at the beginning of a new and important event or development
At the threshold of
At/on the beginning of STH or very close to STH such as a new condition, an important discovery, an event, a development etc.
Attribute sth to sth/sb
to believe or say that a situation or event is caused by something // if people in general attribute a particular statement, painting, piece of music etc to someone, they believe that person said it, painted it etc
Attribute
a quality or feature, especially one that is considered to be good or useful
Avail oneself of sth
To accept an offer or use an opportunity to do STH.
Awake
To wake up or to make SB wake up.
Awaken
to stop sleeping, or to make SB stop sleeping.
Awoken/ woken from:
to stop sleeping, or to make SB stop sleeping.
Bashful
Shy and easily embarrassed
Be wronged
treated unfairly or unjustly
Bear responsibility
To support and endure a responsibility
Bear/ have/ hold/ harbour a grudge (against)
to maintain resentment or anger against someone for a past offence (related to anger).
Beget
To cause STH or make it happen.
Belie
to give someone a false idea about something // to show that something cannot be true or real
Bereave
Bereft (adj)/ Bereavement (noun)
Blow
a sudden event which has damaging effects on sb/sth causing sadness or disappointment.
Blow to your ego
A sudden action or event that harms or damages your ego, causing you to be sad or disappointed.
Boil
To be extremely angry
Bolster
To improve STH or make it stronger
Boost
to increase or improve something and make it more successful
Bound up with sth
To be very closely connected with STH such as a particular problem, situation, idea, activity, etc.
Bring sth out
to take something out of a place
Broaden
Broad/ Breadth
Buffer
SB/STH that reduces a shock or protects SB/STH against difficulties or from being harmed.
Bundle of nerves
to be very nervous
Bundle
a group of things such as papers, clothes, or sticks that are fastened or tied together
Burn out
extreme state which many times prevents you from doing basic everyday things.
Burn the candles at both ends
to work or do other things from early in the morning until late at night and get very little rest.
Burn the midnight oil
read or work late into the night
Bury your head in your arms
to cover or hide your face with something. (not related to stress)
Threshold
at the beginning of a new and important event or development
Cadre
a small group of specially trained people in a profession, political party, or military force
Catalysts
something or someone that causes an important change or event to happen
Causation
the action of causing something to happen or exist // causality
Cherish
To keep an ambition/a belief/a dream/a hope/a memory/a moment/a tradition in your mind for a long period of time, because you consider it very important for you.
Chimaera:
STH, especially an idea or hope, that is not really possible and can never exist
Come true:
When a dream becomes reality in the way that SB has said or hoped that they would after a long time.
Come/ get to grips with
To begin to understand and deal with STH difficult.
Concomitant
existing or happening together, especially as a result of something
Confer
to discuss something with other people, so that everyone can express their opinions and decide on something
Conquer one’s fears
.
Contrariwise
in the opposite way or direction
Cool (sb) down
To become calm after being angry.// To make SB calm, less excited, or less enthusiastic after being angry.
Cope with one’s fears
.
Cornerstone:
STH that is extremely important because everything else depends on it.
Coy
Shy or pretending to be shy and innocent, especially about love or sex, sometimes in order to make people more interested in you. A coy smile/look
Cram
to force something into a small space //
Crumble
To begin to fail or get weaker or to come to an end. To be crumbling emotionally
Crusader
SB who makes a long and determined effort to achieve STH that they believe to be right or to stop STH they believe to be wrong.
CRY Bawl:
to shout in a loud voice // cry loudly (llorar a gritos/ hacer berrinche)
CRY Blubber:
to cry noisily, especially in a way that annoys people (llorar a moco tendido)
CRY Sb’s eyes fill with tears:
To make SB’s eyes become full of tears.
CRY Sob:
to cry noisily while breathing in short sudden bursts (sollozar)
CRY Tears are streaming/ rolling/ running down sb’s face: When tears flow quickly over a surface smoothly in a particular direction or place and in great amounts without stopping.
.
CRY Tears well up and flood over (the most trivial situations):
Tears come into SB’s eyes and they are affected suddenly and strongly.
CRY Tears well up in sb’s eyes
: Tears come into SB’s eyes.
CRY To be in tears/ in floods of tears:
To be crying a lot.
CRY To be moved to tears:
To be so upset that you cry.
CRY To be on the verge of tears:
To be almost crying.
CRY To break down
To be very upset, lose control of your feelings, and start to cry, especially in front of other people
CRY To break down and cry/ weep: idem
To be very upset, lose control of your feelings, and start to cry, especially in front of other people
CRY To break down in tears
To be very upset, lose control of your feelings, and start to cry, especially in front of other people
CRY To bring tears to sb’s eyes
: To make SB cry.
CRY To burst into tears:
To suddenly start crying
CRY To cry one’s eyes/ heart out:
To be extremely sad and cry a lot.
CRY To cry oneself to sleep:
To cry until SB falls asleep.
CRY To do one’s best to never let tears come out:
.
CRY To feel a tear come to one’s eyes:
.
CRY To fight/ hold/ choke back tears:
To stop yourself from expressing how you really feel, especially with difficulty.
CRY To have an overbrimming lake of tears ever ready to flow just under the surface:
.
CRY To have teary eyes:
To be full of or involving tears.
CRY To let the tears flow:
.
CRY To reduce sb to tears:
To make SB cry.
CRY To shed public tears:
To cry so that everyone can see.
CRY To weep openly and tug at the world’s heartstrings:
To cry because you feel very sad without hiding your feelings and cause strong feelings of love or sympathy in everybody.
CRY Wail:
to say something in a loud, sad, and complaining way (gemido, llanto, lamento)
CRY Weep:
to cry, especially because you feel very sad (weep)
CRY Whimper:
to make low crying sounds, or to speak in this way (lloriquear, gimotear, especialmente en animales)
CRY Whine:
to complain in a sad annoying voice about something (gimotear, lloriquear, quejarse)
Culprit
the person who is guilty of a crime or doing something wrong
Daydream
Pleasant thoughts you have while you are awake that make you forget what you are doing.
Daydream
to think about something pleasant, especially when this makes you forget what you should be doing
Deem
To have a particular opinion about SB/STH.
Defeat one’s fears
.
Depict
to describe sth or smn in writing or speech, or to show them in a painting, picture etc
Deplete
To reduce STH by a large amount so that there is not enough left; to be reduced by a large amount.
Derisive
showing that you think someone or something is stupid or silly
Dial sth back/down
To reduce STH or make it less extreme.
Diffident
Not having much confidence in yourself; not wanting to talk about yourself. Shy.
Dire
extremely serious or terrible // A ~ about STH terrible that will happen in the future
Distraught
so upset and worried that you cannot think clearly
Divert sth from/ into
To cause SB/STH to change direction.
Monger
someone who says unpleasant things
Double-edged sword
STH that seems to be good or has advantages, but that can have a bad effect and disadvantages.
Drain
To make SB/STH weaker, poorer, etc. by using up their/its strength, money, etc.
Dreadful
Used to emphasise how bad SB/STH is.
Dwindle
(to gradually become less and less or smaller and smaller)
Effect
Efficient- effective- efficacious/ Efficacy
Elude
to escape from someone or something, especially by tricking them
Empower
Empowered/ -ing / Empowerment
Encourage
Courageous/ Courage
Endeavour
/ɪnˈdevə/ to try very hard
Endeavour
an attempt to do something new or difficult
Endure
to be in a difficult or painful situation for a long time without complaining // to remain alive or continue to exist for a long time
Entrust
to make someone responsible for doing something important, or for taking care of someone
Erode
To gradually destroy, remove, or reduce STH or make it weaker over a period of time.// To be destroyed, removed, reduced or made weaker in this way.
Eustress
A positive form of stress having a beneficial effect on health, motivation, performance, and emotional well-being.
Exacerbate
to make a bad situation worse
Exasperation
when you feel annoyed because someone continues to do something that is upsetting you
Exposed to
not protected from attack, from the weather
Extrovert
A lively and confident person who enjoys being with other people.
Extroverted
An extroverted person, behaviour
Face
Deal with a difficult situation
Far and wide
Over a large area or distance.
Fear
.
Entrepreneurs
/ɒntrəprəˈnɜː/ someone who starts a new business or arranges business deals in order to make money, often in a way that involves financial risks
FEAR get/ give goosebumps (NAmE)
A sudden action or event that harms or damages your ego, causing you to be sad or disappointed.
FEAR Get/give gooseflesh (BrE):
A sudden action or event that harms or damages your ego, causing you to be sad or disappointed.
FEAR To be as white as a sheet
To be extremely pale, usually because of illness, a shock, or fear.
FEAR To be frightened out of one’s wits/ to death:
To be very frightened.
FEAR To be scared stiff/silly (half) to death/ out of one’s wits:
To be extremely frightened so much that you stop behaving sensibly.
FEAR To chill somebody to the bone/ chill sb to the marrow/ chill sb’s blood
.
FEAR To chill the spine:
To make SB feel very frightened in an exciting way.
FEAR To feel one’s blood run cold/ freeze:
To make SB feel suddenly very frightened or worried.
FEAR To get the wind up/ put wind up somebody:
To become/be anxious, frightened, or nervous about STH.
FEAR To give someone the creeps:
To make SB feel nervous and a little frightened, especially because SB/STH is unpleasant or strange.
FEAR To give someone the jitters:
To have feelings of being anxious and nervous, especially before an important event or before having to do STH difficult.
FEAR To give someone the shivers:
To make SB feel very frightened or disgusted
FEAR To give someone the squeeby-jeebies/ the heebie-jeebies:
To give SB a nervous or frightened feeling or worry.
FEAR To give someone the willies:
To give SB a nervous, unpleasant or frightened feeling.
FEAR To have/ get butterflies in one’s stomach:
To feel very nervous or excited before doing STH.
FEAR To have/ get the jitters:
To have feelings of being anxious and nervous, especially before an important event or before having to do STH difficult.
FEAR To make one’s teeth chatter:
To make SB’s teeth hit or knock together quickly and continuously because SB is cold or afraid
FEAR To make someone’s flesh creep:
To make SB feel frightened, nervous, or uncomfortable.
FEAR To make someone’s hair stand on end:
To shock or frighten SB.
FEAR To put the fear of God into someone:
To make SB feel very frightened by making sure they know what will happen to them if they do not do STH that they must do, especially in order to make them do STH.
FEAR To send shivers (up and) down the spine:
To make SB feel very frightened or excited.
FEAR To set someone’s teeth on edge:
When a sound or taste makes SB feel physically uncomfortable.
FEAR To shiver:
To shake slightly because you are cold, frightened, excited, etc
FEAR To shudder with sth/ at sth/ to do sth:
To shake for a short time because of a strong feeling, because you are cold, frightened, or because you think STH is very unpleasant.
Feared
Producing fear in others.
Fearful
Frightened that STH bad might happen.
Fearless:
Not afraid of anything, in a way that people admire.
Fearmongers
People who cause fear in others
Fearsome
Making people feel very frightened // very frigthening
Feel annoyed
slightly angry
Feel bitter
angry, jealous, and upset because you think you have been treated unfairly
Feel miffed
slightly annoyed or upset
Feel offended
angry and upset by someone’s behaviour or remarks
Feel outraged
feeling of great anger and shock
Outrage
Make smn feel angry and shocked
Feel peeved
Annoyed
Feel pissed/ pissed off
Annoyed
Sorrow
a feeling of great sadness, usually because smn has died or because sth terrible has happened to you
Fend sb/sth off:
To defend yourself from STH such as difficult questions, criticisms, competition, or a situation you do not want to deal with, especially by avoiding them.
Fight-or-flight response
A reaction that people have to a dangerous situation that makes them either stay and deal with it, or run away.
Find different avenues for expression and different catalysts (precipitant)
To find a choice, a channel, an outlet, or a way of making progress towards sth, a person or thing that causes a change
Flare
To suddenly become angry, violent.
Flare (up)
To suddenly become very angry or violent with SB about STH they have said or done. To suddenly start burning more brightly, said of a person to suddenly become angry.
Flipside
The bad effects of STH such as an idea, argument, or action that also has good effects.
Flood
To cover a place with STH, or to become covered with STH.
Fly off the handle
to react in a very angry way to sth that someone says or does.
Foreboding
A strong feeling that STH bad, unpleasant or dangerous is going to happen soon.
Foster
to help a skill, feeling, idea etc develop over a period of time
Fraught with sth
To be full of STH unpleasant.
Frazzled
to be extremely tired in a nervous or slightly worried way after a lot of mental or physical effort (related to stress).
Freeze, flight, fight or fright response
The expanded version of the fight or flight response which scientists have come up with to cover a wide scope of fear responses.
Fright
a sudden feeling of fear
Frustration
the feeling of being annoyed, upset, or impatient, because you cannot control or change a situation, or achieve something
Fuel
To make STH, especially STH bad, increase or become stronger. To supply sth with material that can be burnt to produce heat or power.
Fulfil
To do or get what you want.
