Unit 4 Flashcards
How could you qualify for the dominions land act (3pts)
-Break the land and plant crop
-Build a shelter
-Liven on the property for at least 6 months
Problems with living on the prairies (5pts)
-Long harsh winters
-Hot and dry summers
-Settlers lived in dirt/grass houses
-Isolation farms were very far apart
-Trees and wood were scarce
Who was Clifford sifton and what did he do
A major recruiting campaign minister to bring settlers to Canadas west
He used certain words to make Canada seem appealing and not talk about the cold and snow
Who did Sifton target
-Americans because they had money and were used to the climate
-Central and Eastern European farmers because they lived in similar climates and been farmers for generations
Who were not welcome to Canada
Asians and africans
What is a head tax
A amount of money Chinese immigrants had to pay to enter Canada
1885 $50
1900 $100
1903 $500
What act was passed in 1923
The Chinese Immigration Act which only allowed very few Chinese into Canada
Who was Canadas first prime minister and when
1867 John A Macdonald
What was MacDonalds main goal
Expand Canada by adding new provinces
What did Canada purchase in 1869
Ruperstland from the Hudson’s Bay Co for $1.5 million, which became the northwest territory
Why did the government send surveyors to Winnipeg
To prepare land for new settlers, which made the Métis afraid of losing their land and lifestyle
What did Riel and the Métis do in December 1869
(4pts)
He and the Métis stopped the surveyors from entering the area
The Métis stopped the new governor William McDougall from entering the settlement
The Métis took over Fort Garry the main Hudson Bay Fort and established a provisional government
The Métis bill of rights was created and sent to Ottawa
Demands of the Metis was
(5pts)
-Right to become a province
-Right to send tenants Ottawa (MPs)
-Right to have control over local affairs
-English and French to be official languages
-Right to keep their customs and way of life
What is the Canadian party
An English Protestant political party based in Ontario that resisted Metis demands
Who is Thomas Scott
A member of the Canadian party who was arrested by Riel for leading a resistance against the provisional government
How did Scott die
Riel ordered his execution by firing squad in 1870
How did the Red river rebellion end
(5pts)
MacDonald had no way of getting troops to Red River fast enough because the railway didn’t go far enough so MacDonald gave in
MacDonald wanted to expand Canada
Manitoba became Canadas 5th province
All Metis demands were met
MacDonald did send troops to maintain order
Riel fears and fled to the USA
Why did BC consider joining the USA
(3pts)
Closer to the USA
South=USA
North=Alaska
Transportation communication and trade already existed with the USA
Why does BC join Canada and when
(4pts)
They would have a responsible government
And a wagon road across the prairies to connect to Canada
Macdonald promises them a railway instead of they joined Canada
On July 20th, 1871 BC becomes our 6th province
Why did PEI join Canada and when
(5pts)
They were in debt trying to build their own railway
They were offered money to buy out absentee landlords
Ottawa would take over and finish the railway
A telegraph and ferry system between mainland and the Island
July 1st, 1873 PEI becomes Canadas 7th province
What’s the Pacific Scandal and what was happening at the time
(4pts)
MacDonald wins the 1872 election and is going to start building the railway
The Liberals accused MacDonald of accepting a payoff from the railway company
This is the Pacific Scandal
MacDonald resigned
Who became the 2nd Prime Minister
Alexander Mackenzie
What was Mackenzie’s first duties in office and who threatened to leave Canada
(2pts)
He postponed the building of the railway and built small links instead
BC threatened to leave because their railway wasn’t being built
What election reforms did Mackenzie pass (3pts)
-Secret ballots
-All voting take place on the same day
-Records must be kept of campaign donations
What happened during the 1878 election and what policy was created
MacDonald ran again with the concept called the National Policy and won
What did MacDonald do in 1873 and 1920
He created the North West Mounted Police
It was then changed to The RCMP
Who were the main law breakers in 1800’s
Whiskey traders
Who were the 3 groups who had concerns during the Northwest Rebellion
The Metis-they wanted the same guarantees they received in Manitoba
The Indigenous People- they were starving the buffalo were disappearing and the government was not helping the Indian people survive
The white Settlers- lived in the North West wanted representation from the federal government, like Manitoba did. They also wanted lower tariffs and shipping rates for their grain products
How did the Metis try to solve their concerns
(3pts)
They looked for Louis Riel and had him return to Canada
He created another Bill of Roghts and sent it to Ottawa demanding settlement for the 3 groups
But the petition was ignored
What did Riel send to the NWMP superintendent and what happened
An ultimatum demanding he surrender Fort Carleton
He refused so the Metis military leader Gabriel Dumont attacked
What did MacDonald do about the North West Rebellion
He sent troops by RAIL to stop it
Where were battles for the North West rebellion held and how did it end
Fish creek
Cut knife
Batoche where Metis surrendered
Gabriel Dumont fled to the USA
Riel surrendered and was charged with High Treason
What happened to Riel after the Northwest rebellion
(5pts)
He was charged with High Treason
He was tried in Regina and found guilty but recommended mercy
Quebec wanted him pardoned
Ontario wanted him executed
MacDonald delayed the decision but eventually executed him
Aftermath of the NorthWest rebellion (3pts)
The railway proved its worth
Many FN people were arrested and executed
Alberta and Sask don’t become provinces till 1905
What did the citizens of the North West Territory not get (3pts)
-Become a province
-Representation
-Land rights
How did the government act towards children with the Indian act (3pts)
-Acted like the child’s parents
-Traditional ceremonies were banned
-FN children were forced by law to go to residential schools
Why were treaties signed
(3pts)
-No buffalo made FN people on the verge of extinction
-FN people feared loss of culture as European settlement increased
-Didn’t trust the government but thought if they didn’t sign they would be killed
What did the government force the FN people to surrender and what were they given in return (3pts)
-Surrender their land
-Given reserve land
-Reserve land was to be used as farm land
How many treaties are there
11
Where did the first 5 treaties cover (4pts)
Northwest Ontario
Southern Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
What did the FN people get for giving up their land (7pts)
1.) Reserve land (for a family of 5)
2.) Cash
3.) An allowance for blankets and hunting/fishing tools
4.) farming assistance
5.) A census to keep track of people on the land
6.) Right to hunt on land not seeded
7.) Gov allowed to build in the reserves
What did the FN people have to do for the government (3pts)
Keep peace
Maintain law and order
Keep liquor off reserves
What is a status Indian and who isn’t
People who were “standing in line” when the Indian agent counted heads were a status Indian and were subject to laws and rights as one. Metis were not entitled to Indian rights
What was the purpose of residential schools
assimilate FN children into white society
Where were residential schools built
Far away from reserves so they wouldn’t be near family or influences from home
Who ran Residential schools (4pts)
protestant
Catholic
Anglican
Methodist
How many residential schools were in Saskatchewan
20
What children weren’t forced to go to residential schools
white and Metis because they were already half white
What were children mainly taught at residential schools
agricultural training
Who took over residential schools and in what year
Department of Indian affairs in 1969
How did the department of Indian affairs try to correct residential schools
They hired FN people to become teachers but the cycle of abuse continued
how many children attended residential schools
over 100,000
When did the last residential school close
1996
Who is Wilfred Laurier
The first prime minister of French ancestry
What is the Manitoba school question
Manitoba government passed the act to set up a single school system, no church or religious schools and English only
Catholics would have to fund their own separate schools
How did Laurier solve the Manitoba School question
(3pts)
-No public financial support for sperate schools
-Religious education if enough students
-French was allowed if enough students
Imperialists
English speaking Canadians who were proud to be part of the British commonwealth
Nationalists
French Canadians not loyal to Britain and felt pride in French Canadian culture and language
What and when was the Boer War
(4pts)
-1899-1902 in South Africa
-The British were fighting against the Boers (early Dutch colonists)
-British were moving into the area that held gold and diamonds and tension increased so the Boers declared war on Britain
-Britain asked Canada for soliders to prove they would stand together in times of trouble
Laurier’s 4 questions
-Manitoba School
-Boer War
-Naval Crisis
-Alaskan Boundary dispute
Laurier’s decision for the Boer war (4pts)
-Canada wont send an army but Canada would equip Britain with 1000 volunteers
-End of war 7300 volunteers were sent at a cost of $2.8 billion
-Imperialists didn’t think Canada did enough
-Nationalists felt Canada did too much
The Naval Crisis and year (3pts)
-1909
-Arms race between Britain and Germany made a war a real possibility
-Britain wanted Canada to contribute money to build ships
Naval crisis question
Should Canada support Britain or build their own navy?
Laurier’s decision Naval crisis (4 pts)
-Canada created it’s own navy, but could be placed under British control if an emergency occurred
-5 crusaders and 6 destroyers were created on Naval bases in Nova Scotia and BC
-Nationalists thought Canada’s army could be sent anywhere anytime for Britain
-Imperialists thought Canada’s navy wouldn’t fulfill Britain’s needs
What was Laurier’s final statement about the naval crisis
-When Britain is at war, Canada is at war. But Canada would choose how much to participate in the future
When and what was the Alaskan dispute
-1903
-There was a strip of land from Alaska to prince of whales. No one knew who owned it and neither cared
Why did the Alaskan dispute happen
Gold was discovered in Yukon , and now the strip of land made lots of money off customs and taxes
How was the Alaskan dispute solved
-Put infront of a panel of 3 Americans, 2 Canadians, and 1 British
-Ruling ended 2-4 for America. The British judge voted for the USA because Britain feared war with Germany and wanted to gain the USA as an ally
What came from the Alaskan dispute
Canadians became outraged with the USA and Britain, and Canada knew they needed to make their own decisions in the future and not rely on Britain for assistance
Historical and modern names of the rebellions
Red River Rebellion
Winnipeg
Northwest Territory
SK and Alberta
What was the national policy and what 3 points were within it
MacDonald attempted to improve the economy of Canada
1.) Settle Western Canada
2.)Build a railway
3.) Improve industry through protective tariffs
Canada West had to be expanded and settled (3pts)
- Canada needed new people but FN people had to be controlled so they wouldn’t’ cause problems
-Canada developed new products and new strains of wheat for farmers to withstand prairie weather
-If people settled in the West it would stop the American’s from expanding into it
Railway built in Canada (1pt)
From coast to coast the railway would link Canada and allow for trade and transportation
Canadian Industry had to expand and be protected
(4pts)
-Foreign products coming into Canada would be taxed
-Encouraged Canadians to buy Canadian product’s
-The West and Atlantic would supply Canada with it’s needs
-America was encouraged to have their companies build factories in Canada (branch plants) using Canadian resources with American expertise
