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History 30 > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the leader of the rebellion in lower Canada
What did he do?

A

Louis Joseph Papineau
He was a high social ranking land owning seigneurial lord who was fighting for radical reforms and to preserve French-Canadian values

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2
Q

What complaints did papineau make and an example

A

The 92 resolutions
Ex: elected assembly
Governor chooses cabinet from elected assembly

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3
Q

What results rebellion in lower Canada (3pts)

A

Crops failed
Immigrants were flooding into the colony
A cholera epidemic

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4
Q

How did the British respond to the 92 resolutions

A

After 3 years they rejected all of them

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5
Q

The battle of St.Denis

A

British troops came to arrest Papineau but he escaped to the US. The patriots killed 6 British troops, so 2 days later the British killed 60 patriots

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6
Q

Battle of St Eustache
3 pts

A

Near Montreal 1400 British redcoats and volunteers fought toe patriots into a village church. As they tried to escape the church flames were shot at them.

Papineau refused to return and fight

6 battles in 2 years had 27 British die and 300 French Canadian patriots die

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7
Q

Who was the leader of the rebellion in upper Canada

A

William Lyon Mackenzie

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8
Q

What were Mackenzies complaints (3pts)

A

1.) church reserves: 3 million acres were given to the church and lady natural while immigrant farmers struggled with poor land

2.) responsible government

3.)campaigned against ruling elites and unfair control of upper Canada

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9
Q

Events of the rebellion in upper Canada
(6pts)

A

-Mackenzie and 600 armed supporters marched on Youge street demanding responsible government
-A standing army was dispatched to deal with Mackenzie
-the sheriff and his men fired at Mackenzie and both groups fled in confusion or scared
-2days later Bond head led an army to Mackenzie’s headquarters
-in 30 minutes they got into Montgomery Tavern and beat them
-Mackenzie slipped out the back and fled to the US

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10
Q

When was the great migration

A

1815-1850

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11
Q

What changes came due to the influx of settlers
(4pts)

A

-Politics: new settlers brought desire for a responsible government. This caused conflict between oligarchies and reformers

-Economics: the economy of the colony improved with more people

-Technology: immigrants brought new machines and better methods for manufacturing and farming

  • New settlements: sprang up across the country
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12
Q

What is an oligarchie

A

people who formed councils and made decisions

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13
Q

What is a reformer

A

An ordinary citizen who wanted change

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14
Q

What happened during the American Civil war and year

A

1861-1865
The slave owning Southern states wanted to separate from the free Northern States

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15
Q

The Alabama Affair

A

British North America (Canada) was worried the North (USA) would turn its vast, battle hardened armies and attack to get revenge against Britain

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16
Q

The Trent Crisis

A

A Northern warship stopped the “Trent” a British ship in Neutral waters

As an act of war

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17
Q

Manifest Destiny
(3pts)

A

-American politicians talked of Manifest Destiny(that one day the US will take over all of North America)
-In 1867 the US purchased Alaska from Russia leaving the open plains of west Canada at risk
-Discovery of gold in BC brought thousands of Americans into the colony caught between Alaska and the US

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18
Q

What is and who are the Fenian Raids (2pts)

A

-The Fenianas were Irish who settled in the USA to escape British rule
-They thought if they could capture British North American Colonies ( hold Canada hostage) it might force Britain to free Ireland

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19
Q

Trade Issues for British colonies

A

-All British colonies enjoyed protective tariffs
- all Britain imported goods had little or no tax

-In 1846 Britain began free trade

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20
Q

Causes of Confederation (6pts)

A

-American Civil War
-The Alabama Affair
-The Trent Crisis
-St.Alban’s Raid
-Manifest Destiny
-Fenian Raids

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21
Q

St.Alban;s Raid

A

Southern Troops attacked St. Alban Vermont, robbed three banks and then fled to Canada

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22
Q

The Grand Trunk Railway

A

The Grand Trunk Railway (Canadas first railway) was the link to all of the colonies together

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23
Q

Benefits of the Grand Trunk Railway (2pts)

A

-Trade: Increased trade among colonies
-Defense: Incase of attack from the USA troops could be transported faster

24
Q

What was the railway like before the Grand Trunk Railway?

A

It was a 106km railway track in most colonies, but most of it went into the USA

25
Q

Why did people come to Canada from Ireland?

A

The potato famine caused starvation and deaths. They came to Canada looking for farmland and an end to starvation

26
Q

Why did people come to Canada from Scotland?

A

The country was full of tenant farmers who farmed the nobles land. Sheep farm became more profitable so tenant farmers were kick off the land. The Scottish immigrants were looking for new farmland

27
Q

Why did people from England come to Canada?

A

Due to the Industrial revolution factories and machines rose and there was less need for craftsmen and laborer’s.

28
Q

how many irish died at sea

A

17% (85,000)

29
Q

How many irish died shortly after arriving in Canada

A

20% (100,000)

30
Q

How many irish needed medical attention but lived

A

25% (125,000)

31
Q

How many irish survived

A

38% (190,000)

32
Q

Coffin ships
(6pts)

A

-Ships that carried timber back from Canada to Europe brought passengers on their way to Canada for cheap

-crammed in

-had rough wooden berths, six people to a berth (small wooden bed area)

-NO fresh air, bathrooms, or kitchens

-Bedding infested with lice and bed bugs

-many survived but were took weak and had to take low paying jobs

33
Q

Results of the Rebellion in Upper and Lower Canada

A

They both failed

34
Q

What were the effects of Lord Durham’s recommendations and what did he say

A

-Durham said that the French Canadian’s were people with no history or literature

-Many people in lower Canada were insulted and there was an explosion of French Canadian novelists, poets, artists, and historians to prove him wrong

35
Q

Who is Radical Jack

A

John George Lambton who was the Earl of Durham
He was a troublemaker who was sent to Canada as “High Commissioner and Governor General”

36
Q

Population of Canada East and Canada West

A

East:(Quebec) 1.1million
West:(Ontario) 1.6 million

37
Q

What did Lord Durham do to solve problem’s in Lower Canada

A

He planned to assimilate the French by rigging the system so over time they would just become English

38
Q

What was the act of union (3pts)

A
  • Upper and lower Canada were under a single government

-They were renamed Canada East and West

-The Act of Union backfired because it drew together the like minded reformers (protesters or rebels)

39
Q

Who were Canada East and West and how many seats did each have in parliament

A

East= French
West=English
both had 42 seats in parliament

40
Q

How were major issues dealt with in Canada

A

Both Canada East and West had to agree, which was called a Double Majority

41
Q

Why was double majority a problem

A

The French and English were on opposite sides, so votes were always tied.

This made a political deadlock

The current gov had to be dissolved and a new gov was elected

This happened 15 times in 15 years

42
Q

Why was trade between colonies difficult

A

They put high tariffs on trading products

43
Q

name of agreement with the USA and why it didn’t last

A

Treaty of reciprocity

It was a 10 year deal with the US where there would be open trade

Due to tension between the US and the BNA colonies the US didn’t renew the contract. The US wanted to force the colonies to join the US in order to continue trading with them

44
Q

What was discussed at the Charlottetown conference

A

The possible union of all the British North American colonies

45
Q

3 conferences in the creation of the Dominion of Canada

A

The Charlottetown conference
The Quebec conference
The London Conference

46
Q

Why was the first conference held in Charlottetown

A

Ontario and Quebec wanted confederation to happen, but the Maritimes weren’t convinced it wouldn’t do them any good so the conference was brought to them so they would attend

47
Q

What happened after the Charlottetown conference

A

The Maritime Delegates were convinced so they agreed to meet again in Quebec City to finalize the details

48
Q

What 3 things happend at the Quebec conference

A

A federal system was set up
The senate was created
Canada was formed with 4 provinces

49
Q

What is the federal system that was created at the Quebec conference

A

it was made for a distribution of power

Federal gov would take care of national matters and provincial gov would handle local issues

50
Q

Why was the senate created

A

to give a voice to regions of Canada that had a small population like the Maritimes

51
Q

4 provinces Canada was created with

A

-Quebec
-Ontario
-Nova Scotia
-New Brunswick

52
Q

Who didn’t join the Dominion of Canada

A

Newfoundland & PEI

53
Q

Why did Newfoundland not wanna join the dominion of Canada (3pts)

A

-Fear of taxes on boats and fish
-Feared their economy would suffer due to cheaper Canadian goods
-Feared their people would be forced to serve in the Canadian military

54
Q

Why did PEI not wanna join the dominion of Canada (5pts)

A

-The size of the new nation scared them
-Thought they wouldn’t have a voice in the gov due to small size
-Wanted Charlottetown to be the capital but it was rejected
-The proposed railway wouldn’t run through PEI
-The conference didn’t address buying out absentee landlords (rich people who owned but rarley visited their land)

55
Q

What happened at the London conference

A

-Canada reps went to ask permission to become independent

-Britain was in favour of this and hoped the colonies could look after themselves since they were becoming costly for the British

56
Q

What act was passed at the London Conference

A

-The (BNA) British North American Act was passed in 1867 which created the Dominion of Canada

History 30 (10 decks)

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